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Zoo is the abbreviation for zoo-logical garden. Zoo and Tierpark, these designations are synonymous by zoos are usually selected, which possess a far park landscape.
The tasks of emphasis of a zoo shifted in the course of the history of the simple exhibition of exotic animals for the research of animal species as well as the preservation breed. The founder of zoo biology, professor Dr. Heini Hediger (director in the zoos of Berne, Basel and Zurich), defined already before nearly 60 years the major tasks of the zoos as
In it nothing changed. Above all nature and protection of species are the center of attention at that by far most scientifically led zoos today. Thus and finance many zoos care for today own protection projects in Situ, thus in the habitat of the game animals. In the German-speaking countries over 45 zoos in the donation protection of species together-did, in order to recruit together for protection of species projects.
The preservation breed is coordinated by different regional programs:
An international roof function implements the World Association OF zoo and of aquarium WAZA, to which 22 regional or national zoo and aquarium federations as well as 213 individual zoos and aquariums in 46 countries as institutional members belong.
The oldest continuing zoo of the world is the 1752 by Franz Ith Stephan justified zoo in Vienna, which was first however a Menagerie. As the oldest scientifically led zoo however '' the you is considered to Jardin plan width unit '' in Paris, which originated in to 1794 after the final dissolution of the Versailler Menagerie. The designation "zoo-logical garden" found for the first time 1828 with the Londoner zoo use. For years there was the 1860er a wave of civil establishments of zoo in nearly all large cities. The 1930er experienced a further wave of establishment of zoo years, and with increasing mobility of the population developed since the 1960er years on the country uncounted smaller Tierparks, game park and bird park.
The oldest zoo in Germany is the zoo-logical garden in Berlin, which was opened on 1 August 1844 and this very day the species-richest zoo is world-wide.
See also: Would list zoo-logical gardens after year of the foundation
Buildings in zoos were completely differently conceived and arranged in the last 150 years. First a romantisierende phase e.g. with bear castles, then the Exotismus with copied temples etc. from the countries of origin, later the clinically pure functionalism with tiles, high-grade steel and Sichtbeton.
Since the 1980er developed in the USA - in Germany starting from 1995 - which immersion enclosures so mentioned, with which the visitor actually or apparently enters the natural habitat of the animals. The animal is thereby no more pure exhibition object, but inhabited (and defended) its territory. It became the "basic owner" and has - every now and then to the Frustation of the visitors - also the possibility of extracting itself from the viewer.
In most zoos grown historically one finds several of these styles next to each other.
Characteristics are zoos in certain habitats and animal species specialized, how
The Stuttgart Wilhelma (in the maurischen architectural style) is the only Zoologisch Botani garden of Germany, which shows plants beside the animals also. Numerous zoos go with rain forest houses a similar way. Among them for example Burgers' Bush in the Burgers zoo in Arnheim (1987) and Masoala resounding in the zoo Zurich (2003) with the world-wide largest zoologisch botanischen rain forest reproduction are to be emphasized about Madagascar. A further thematischer zoo becomes the ZOOM SHOT gel churches, the earlier Ruhr zoo. It consists at present of the ranges Alaska, remainders of the old zoo and parts of Africa, Asia and the remaining parts is planned in building or.
Some criticize the attitude of - often rare - game animals in zoo-logical gardens. Usually the domestizierten animals in the cages and enclosures one to realize its natural behaviors. When scientific investigations of zoo animals isolated behavior disturbances were determined, which can be regarded as consequence of this attitude. The continues to criticize that still wild animals for zoo-logical gardens were exported imprisoned and that surplus young animals were killed and some animal species were by force trained such as elephants. These points of criticism refer usually to zoos generally, while in particular the scientifically led zoos refer to the fact that the term "zoo" is not protected and under this term also numerous black sheep up to Wandermenagerien of the circuses and animal dealers firmieren. Individual cases might not be transferred to all zoos. Besides many of the points of criticism became outdated and the developments of the last decades would not consider.
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