Choose language:
Zheng Chenggong Zh¨ng with popular name Koxinga Guxngy), (* 1624; "† 1662) were an army leader and a halfnational pirate at the transition of the Chinese Ming to the Qing dynasty.
Zheng Chenggong was son of Zheng Zhilong a Chinese dealer and Piraten, and the Japanese Tagawa Matsu. It was born 1624 in Hirado, prefecture Nagasaki (Japan), and lived there up to its seventh Lebensjahr. Then it pulled after Quanzhou in the Chinese province Fujian. In Japan it is well-known to today under its birth name Tei Seiko, or under its popular name Kokusen'ya.
Its father Zheng Zhilong/Cheng Chi lung was the son of a small official, who went to Macao, in order to make there with the Europeans business. 1624 followed Cheng Chi lung a gang of Piraten, which lay in wait for to Chinese and Netherlands trading vessels. Four years later it changed the sides and achieved by capture of other Piraten official honours (1628). It financed its Piratenarmee by "water payments" and operating profits and acquired reputation with Hofe.
Peking fell 1644 into the hands of rebels under left Zicheng. The last Ming emperor Chongzhen himself at a tree in Mei shan. Under the assistance of Wu Sangui defeated the Mandschu troops the rebels and took the city.
South the Jangtsekiangs leaned the majority of the people the Qing off and tried to help the descendants of the Ming dynasty the throne. Prince Tang, it succeeded to one of the descendants of the Ming, by Huang Daozhou and Koxingas father Zheng Zhilong to come into Fuzhou to power. When prince Tang the Qing fell into the hands, Koxinga was straight in Zhangzhou, in order to organize soldiers and supply.
He heard that its father was about to give up then hurried Koxinga after Quanzhou, in order to convince its father from the opposite to. Its father heard not on him, arose 1646 the Qing and in Peking under house arrest was placed. 1661 were executed Zheng Zhilong.
For a long time after it the Qing Quanzhou did not take and Koxingas nut/mother took itself from loyalty to the Ming dynasty the life. When Koxinga heard of it, he attacked the city Quanzhou with an army and threw the Qing troops back. To the funeral for its nut/mother it went directly to the konfuzianischen temple outside of the city. There it is to have burned its konfuzianische clothes and have gebetet under tears to Confucius: In the past I was a good Konfuzianer and a good son. Now I am orphan and without emperors. I do not have a country and no homeland. I swore to fight the Qing army up to the end but my father did not surrender and I has other choice to be than a perfidious son. Please assign to me.
Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga) continued the mixture from Piratentum, extortion and trade with the Piratenarmee of its father. It quite received support from the population. Many Fischer it were so poor that they had to earn themselves so additionally their living costs. In the summer, if fishing gave little, they became simple Piraten or smugglers. In addition came the fight against the Qing Kaiserhaus in south China, which brought many humans around their existence.
It served also as an intermediary of the southern Ming for Japan, where it went 1648, 1651, 1658 and 1660, in order to request there support, which was missing however.
Against 1655 Koxinga in Fukien maintained 72 military act ions and 100 - 170,000 men, organized by many former Ming officers. Thus it attacked 1658-59 Nanking. The city stood briefly before the case, when its army was attacked in the middle in its birthday ceremonies and struck heavily. 1660 it could defend its base in Xiamen (Amoy, south Fukien) against the Qing, but all of this province let resettle in the interior, in order to extract from it its power basis.
Finally this regulation was expanded 1661-63 on all inhabitants of the provinces Fukien, Kwangtung and Chekiang within ten miles along the coast, so that all coastal towns and villages were destroyed finally. Therefore Koxinga let the majority of its troops evacuate by its son from the mainland. 900 ships with 25,000 men were brought after Taiwan.
In the year 1661 Koxinga with its troops landed in close proximity to Lu'ermen, in order to take Taiwan and the there Netherlands base. End of the yearly he had sold the Dutchmen to a large extent. On 1 February 1662 Frederik Coyett, the Dutch commander capitulated, with its base away Zeelandia. Taiwan had been controlled 38 years long by the dutchmen. In Batavia one made thereafter commander Coyett an exclusive scapegoat, it escaped only scarcely from the execution.
The Dutchmen formed June 1662 from 24 warships a fleet and offered to the Qing a common attack on Taiwan. The yard (meanwhile informed by death Koxingas) did however such a thing to nothing, but relied on its regulations, which it maintained up to conquest Taiwans 1683. The circumstance facilitated the European supremacy to sea considerably.
Koxingas Ambassador Vth Ricci demanded tribute, which was rejected in Manila. The pirate appeared before the Spanish island Luzon/the Philippines, died however at the age of 39 years with a raving craze accumulation. Its favourite slave had born a child of his son (1662). The more harmless version of its cause of death is malaria.
There is a temple, which is dedicated to Zheng Chenggong and its nut/mother. It is in the district Tainan in Taiwan. The play Kokusen'ya cashes or also became of Chikamatsu Monzaemon in Japan in 18. Century written and in Kyoto A film with the same title was produced in co-operation of the People's Republic of China and Japan in the year 2002.
For the Chinese nationalists Zheng Chenggong is a national hero, because he fought against the Mandschu and drove out with the Dutchmen foreigners from China.
When Japan Taiwan kept occupied, Zheng Chenggong was high-stylized because of its Japanese nut/mother as bridge between Taiwan and Japan.
It was taken in by the Kuomintang likewise, because it came like Chiang dock shek from outside of Taiwans and used Taiwan as basis for attacks on the mainland.
zh-min-nan: Ten kong
Index | Privacy | Terms Of Use | Sitemap | Feedback
Printer Friendly Format
Bookmark this page
Back to "Pirat"
Back to top