The Yellowstone national park [] became at the 1. March 1872 based and is thereby the oldest national park of the world. It is appropriate for the surface with 96% almost completely in the US Federal State Wyoming, which divides remaining 4% Montana (3%) and Idaho (1%). With its 8,987 km to surface it belongs to largest national park of the USA and is more largely than the Federal States Rhode Island and Delaware together and about three times as large as the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. In the length (north south) it measures 102 km, in the width (east west) 87 km. It is part of the Rocky Mountains and has an average height of approximately 2,440 meters over NN. The highest point of the Parkes, Eagle peak, is on 3,462 meters, the deepest point, with the northern entrance, on 1,620 meters over NN. Its name the park carries because of the yellow rock in the Grand Canyon OF the Yellowstone, for a ravine in the park. The park is particularly for its geothermal sources, like Geysire and mud pots, as well as for its game animals, as admit Bisons, and wolves. It is the heart of the larger Yellowstone ecological system. 1978 explained it the UNESCO as the world nature inheritance.

History

Around 1807 the Trapper John Colter probably got the area of the today's national park as first white to face. Sheepeater Shoshone Indians however already populated the area before 12,000 years. To Colters time they lived still there, further trunks like the Blackfoot, Absarokee and Bannock roamed across the Yellowstone area occasionally, in order to hunt and fish. They found Obsidian plentiful with the Obsidian Cliff and manufactured thereby cut tools and weapons. Heads of the arrow from Yellowstone Obsidian were found in the Mississippi valley. An active trade with this material obviously prevailed.

John Colter returned 1810 to the civilization. Hardly faith was given to its descriptions over the Yellowstone. The area was inaccessible, why it was not settled rapidly by white ones; but some fur hunters and Goldsucher dared themselves there forwards, for example Warren Ferris in the year 1834 and Jim Bridger 1857. Also their report, not however of the geologist Ferdinand Vth Hayden were to a large extent ignored. It arranged 1859 an expedition, with Bridger as a leader and the US supervisor W.F. Raynolds. The expedition failed because of the beginning of winter, before it had penetrated into the Yellowstone area. Only after the American civil war a further attempt was undertaken, the Folsom expedition of 1869. In the consequence Montanas began itself to interest inspector general Henry Dana Washburn in the Yellowstone area. Together with the writer Nathaniel P. long Fords and Leutnant Gustavus C. Doane arranged he one year later the Washburn Langford Doane expedition. They gave among other things its name to the Geysir old Faithful. Also with it was Truman Everts, which lost its life under most adventurous circumstances almost. Finally the press was ready to report on the unusual area. The descriptions were read generally speaking country avid.

Ferdinand Vth Hayden could be encouraged by Washburn and restarted 1871 a two-year Forschungsreise (Hayden expedition) into the Yellowstone area. Under the group were the painter Thomas Moran and the photographer William Henry Jackson. The picture and products of writing of a fourth Forschungsreise (Barlow Heap expedition), which took place at the same time, in October 1871, immediately after the return, generally speaking fire of Chicago were destroyed, so that Morans pictures and Jacksons photo at meaning won.

The Sheepeater Shoshone lived it until 1871 in the park, afterwards followed in the wind River reservation other Shoshone groups.

In the meantime the white settlers had advanced many animals and plants far to the west and not only the Indians had displaced, but also. The Rocky Mountains was the last retreat area. Soon environmentalists demanded a protected area for animals and plants. The reports and pictures of the participants of the expeditions into the Yellowstone region with its approximately 10,000 hot sources, under it 3000 Geysiren, impressed the parliamentarians in Washington D.C. so strongly that they issued 1872 a law, which should always protect the Yellowstone area against Goldsuchern, settlers and Trappern. At the 1. March 1872 signed president Ulysses S. Grant the law and created thereby the first national park of the world.

During the following five years long Ford served as honorary Superintendent of the Parkes. Its successor was Philetus walter Norris, after which a locality in the park was designated. During its term of office the congress awarded wages as well as minimum funds for the operation of the Parkes to the Superintendenten. Norris used the funds for the better development of the Parkes. In addition it adjusted Harry Yount (well-known as Rocky Mountain Harry), in order to meet the Wilderei and the Vandalismus. Today Harry Yount is regarded as the first park Ranger.

1876 drove it the Hunkpapa Lakota under Sitting bulletin into the park, on the search for booty, which gave it far east in the Plains hardly to more. Later Chief Joseph and its Nez fled one year by the Yellowstone, before the US army intercepted them briefly before the Canadian border. Starting from 1880 no more Indians lived in the Yellowstone area.

To the start times of the Parkes many travelers came to the hunt pleasure into the park. Starting from 15 January 1883 most animals in the park no more could not be hunted.

After Norris followed three further Superintendenten, which could not order however stop to the destruction of natural resources in the park. Therefore the line of the Parkes 1886 was entrusted to the US army and created 1894 with that national park Protective act the gesetztliche basis for the protection. In away the Yellowstone, with which today's locality Mammoth Hot jump, two troops were stationed during the military guidance usually or. 1916 took the again created national park service the responsibility. At that time 35,800 tourists wanted to regard the park. Half arrived by car; this led among other things to noise problems. Until today one of the tasks park of the service is national to ensure the balance between satisfying the visitors and the protection of nature.

At the beginning of the 1920er years brought the new railway line with a station north the park further tourists. Up to the beginning of the Second World War the number of visitors climbed continuously to 581,000 per year (1941), sank then on 85.000 (1944) and shot after the war steeply still above, from 815.000 in the year 1946 at over one million two years later. 1965 exceeded it for the first time the two-million-border.

On 26 October 1976 the Yellowstone national park received the status of an international biosphere reservation and on 8 September 1978 it from the UNESCO to the world nature inheritance was raised.

Articles in category "Yellowstone national park"

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