The wood preservation retains timber constructions (e.g. blockhouse, roof framing, furniture, building timber, garden wood, poles, railway sleepers) before damages via weather, effected usually preventing insects and mushroom wood preservation, via structural-constructional, physical or chemical measures.

The DIN 68,800 defines the use of measures, which prevent a depreciation or a destruction of wood and timber materials - particularly by mushrooms, insects etc., under wood preservation -.

Owners must consider the BGB and its duty to safeguard traffic for the protection third. In the interest of public security the legislator prescribes a preventing protection of woods, which serve basic and/or reinforced purposes. Offences are pursued as irregularity. In the case of loss if persons are hurt, this can be perhaps criminally punished. If an owner insists on the use of woods, architects and building from leaders can exclude the civil requirement for compensation of the owner. This is not effective however opposite third and such clauses is public-legally and criminally irrelevant.

Methods

Structural wood preservation

The use of sufficiently resistant wood according to the respective endangerment class (GK) prevents building damage. For example Teakholz contains poisonous materials, those decomposing by Fressfeinde works against or also the wood of some resinous wood plants protects themselves. These are however not sufficiently available and expensive. A building method, which guarantees a durable keeping of the wood dry, can prevent fungal attack. This kind of the structural protection is called constructional wood preservation. The standard for constructional wood preservation measures in the above ground construction (DIN 68 800-2) shows exemplarily timber constructions, whose wood is durably protected and makes dispensable preventing chemical wood preservation. The condensation water protection required at least one proof according to DIN 4108-03.Insektenbefall can be avoided due to separation of the felling trees hurry from soil and humidity however only. Structural wood preservation is not sufficient in all cases. Quotation DIN: Without a preventing chemical wood preservation it should not be done however if doubts exist that the special structural measures cannot be kept according to this standard.

Physical wood preservation

Physical methods are usually protective layers, which do not guarantee protection from insect or fungal attack. E.G. lacquers and colors offer a certain protection from the penetration of liquid and vaporous water into the wood. They serve however with priority as decoration. Wood improving means, like oils or waxes protect the wood surface primarily against physical impairments, e.g. against marks, dirt, dust and scratches. A rarely used possibility is the intentional superficial Anbrennen of timber materials (does not harm the load-carrying capacity), which forms thereby a protecting charcoal layer. The thermal treatment makes wood water-more resistant, however less load-carrying.

Means should the construction component before weather-related damage protect, thus before admission, sunlight and mechanical influence. There are thin section glazes, thick-film glazes and covering systems. One uses thin section glazes mainly for not accurate construction units such as linings, fences or Pergolen. They do not prevent that the wood a dampness equilibrium with the environment dampness is received. The thin glaze film is diffusion open and can without larger expenditure be given subsequent treatment. Thick-film glazes are usually used for accurate construction units such as windows and doors. They reduce the dampness admission of the wood and prevent thereby a pouring or a shrinking of the wood to a large extent. Enclosure means are formulated both on solvent basis, and on water basis. The protection from the lignin diminishing UV light is reached by the contained pigments or by special UV filters. Pure enclosure means are by definition no wood preservatives (see below: Chemical wood preservation). They do not require an evaluation by the Federal Office for Environment Protection. However frequently film and/or dripping preservatives is added to enclosure means. Thus, in particular with water-based means, a fungal attack of the coating film or the means is to be prevented. For enclosure means, those as surface treatment means the symbol for environmental protection: Symbol for environmental protection, because low-pollution after RAL-ZU 12a carry, specified the Federal Office for Environment Protection criteria and upper limits for the content of dripping and film preservatives. Differently than the getting protective agents these means are not submitted however of a evaluation by the Federal Office for Environment Protection.

Chemical wood preservation

With the chemical wood preservation by wood preservatives active substances take over the wood preservation. Wood preservatives are biocide products. Biocide products are active substances or wirkstoffhaltige preparing, which are intended to destroy on chemical or biological way harming organisms or fight them. Wood preservatives are to thus prevent the infestation by wood-destructive or wood-discolouring organisms or fight such an infestation.

Either the wood at the surface is treated, or impregnated with the wood preservative, this can be managed relating to crafts, e.g. with brush or spray, or industrially, e.g. in pressure impregnation plants.

New wood preservatives are increasingly more environmentalcompatibly conceived, e.g. as means of transport and/or solution strengthens water used. Also wood preservatives can penetrate in such a way as emulsions in small concentration deeply into the wood and unfold your wood-protecting effect there. At the surface stays fewer wood preservatives. In such a way treated woods are less for humans and environment loading, since they deliver fewer pollutants (discharge, washing, degassing).

The burn of woods, which were impregnated with wood preservatives, must take place in plants, which became certified after the federal immission control regulation (BImSchV).

Related links

• Homepage of the institute for wood biology and wood preservation of the federal research institute for forest and timber economy
• Pollution free preservation of massif wood and massif wood products for the external area (final report of a research project of the Bundesforschungsanst. f. Forest and timber economy, Inst. f. Wood biology and wood preservation)
• Quality community wood preservative registered association.
• German wood preservation federation registered association (DHV)
• Wood paragraph fund, sales promotion fund of the German forest and timber economy

Articles in category "Wood preservation"

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