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Wind energy plants can be used in all climate zones, on lake and in all land forms (coast, inland, mountains) for the production of electric current. Due to the unsteadiness of the wind the electricity won with wind energy plants can be used only in the group with other energy sources or memory for a continuous energy supply. (See also rule energy) by prognosis of the feed and the exchange in and between the German transmission networks (rule zones) the varying generation of current in interaction with other power stations can become balanced like the normal Verbrauchsschwankungen. The linkage of the rule zones and the total reserve of continuousavailable energy sources define therefore in the future the total portion of the wind energy of the generation of current. For Germany one proceeds at present from 20 to 25% maximum portion. Another possibility of adjusting the fluctuations exists in the use of pump-fed power stations, Druckluftspeicherkraftwerken, hydrogen electrolysis and burn and flywheel memory (see Norwegian model project on the island Utsira). The combination of these techniques with the so-called and Side management, thus the temporary disconnection or the retarded enterprise not compellingly necessary consumer, is likewise a possibility of adjusting the fluctuations during the wind energy production.
On the other hand the wind blows during the day usually stronger due to the sun exposure than at night and adapts thus in natural way on the day to the higher power requirement. The height of the reserve achievement (rule energy), which can be reproached, depends here also on the forecast accuracy of the wind, the regulation ability of the net as well as the current consumption. (Further information in the article wind energy plant.)
Partially characteristics, which can prepare problems in the line operation with a strong development, have older number of revolutions-rigid wind energy plants with induction generators; this concerns above all the so-called idle current. Can be remedied to that by idle current compensation; modern number of revolutions-variable plants with electronic current static frequency changer can stop the idle current portion anyway according to the requirements of the net at will and work against also voltage fluctuations, so that they can contribute even to net stabilization.
Wind energy is, if all external costs of the energy production (also the environmental damage through e.g. Pollutant output) to be included, apart from water power one of the cheapest energy sources (see). Modern wind energy plants possess a short energetic amortization period of only few months. (see).
As lucrative is considered hoist, which advance at a value of 80 meters over the ground at least 6.9 m/s. They are designated as hoist of the class three and are usual at the North Sea, the south point of South America, the Australian island Tasmanien and at the large lakes in the north of the USA.
Wind energy is promoted in many countries independently of political adjustment, for example by tax credit notes (PTC in the USA), ratio or advertisement models (e.g. Great Britain, Italy) or minimum price systems (e.g. Germany, Spain, Austria, France, Portugal, Greece). The minimum price system spreads ever more and obtains on the average a lower electricity tariff with higher installation at achievement.
Wind energy must compete in many current markets with partially long copied power stations; besides the technology is still relatively young. The improvement potentials are only opened by the industrielle research and manufacturing. Therefore in form renewable energy law (EEG) in Germany with the time a sinking reconciliation was created to the conventional energy supplier, which permits it to the recent industry to develop. Herein minimum remuneration are specified, which are to be paid from the network carriers to the operators from plants to the generation of current from renewable energies. The height of the minimum remuneration is arranged degressive, is called it decreases in the future. In addition the inflation decreases the value of the remuneration. It does not act contrary to a subsidy (like for example the German hard coal) around a promotion out of the tax collector's office, on the contrary the customers (electricity mains operators) are obligated to a somewhat higher electricity tariff. The reallocation volume of the EEG remuneration may not be equated thereby a and/or extra costs. Rather the EEG reallocation with avoided production, selling and commercial costs as well as the proportionately avoided net costs must be charged. Thereby results at present a hoisting depth, which corresponds about to half of the EEG reallocation. Extra costs for all consumers lie up-to-date depending upon source of literature actually with approximately 0.2 - 0.6 ct/kWh with a market share of approximately 6%. The comparison gladly 2 becomes from the current supply enterprises - 3 ct/kWh for this numbers.
The general subsidy reproach against the wind energy usually refers to the EEG promotion. The fact that it concerns with transfers out of the EEG no subsidies was confirmed by the European Court of Justice (EuGH). Also the subsidy term loud "§ 12 of stability and growth law is not fulfilled by the EEG.
Subsidies, which are up-to-date granted to the operators by wind energy plants, are:
Capital investment bonuses of federation and countries for the establishment of wind energy plants are granted since end of the nineties-years no longer. There are for taxation no special arrangements for the enterprise of wind energy plants, which deviate from other mobile economic goods.
Wind force opponents hold out apart from the landscape destruction by "wind asparagus" the ability which are missing so far for energy storage and the higher costs of rule energy and development of the current distribution nets to these computations.
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