Ernst Werner von Siemens (birth name: Ernst Werner Siemens, since 1888 of Siemens, * 13 December 1816 in Lenthe with Hanover; "† 6 December 1892 in Berlin) was a German inventor, founder of electro-technology and Industrieller.

Life

Childhood and training

Ernst Werner was born 1816 as a fourth child of the property tenant Christian Ferdinand Siemens and its wife Eleonore, geb. dyke man. After the removal in the year 1823 in the area, where its father took over the domain Menzendorf, remained for its parents economic success malfunctioned. Werner Siemens was informed at first by the grandmother and the father, visited one year the citizen school in beautiful mountain, got three years instruction of a house teacher and finally visited for three years the Katharineum in Luebeck. It left the High School 1834 however prematurely without formal conclusion. It wanted to seize gladly a practical-scientific occupation, but permitted the economic situation of parents no study. After the death of the nut/mother in July 1839 and the father in January 1840 Werner had to take over the father place for its brothers and sisters as an oldest son.

On the advice of a teacher it applied with the Ingenieurcorps of the Prussian army in Berlin, however rejected itself; thereupon it applied with the artillery in Magdeburg and took care of. In the autumn 1835 Werner Siemens was kommandiert as an officer candidate for three years to the citizens of Berlin school of engineering and artillery. Here he got comprehensive training in scientific areas, like mathematics, physics, chemistry and ballistics and heard beside lectures at the citizens of Berlin university. This training terminated it 1838 as an artillery second lieutenant.

Second lieutenant Werner Siemens did service in Magdeburg and afterwards in the garrison Wittenberg, where he was condemned because of the participation as a second with a duel to five years fortress detention. It is to have transformed its cell in the citadel Magdeburg to the laboratory. It was however soon begnadigt and shifted 1842 to the artillery workshop in Berlin.

Berlin time

It remained with the military until 1849 and tried beside with inventions additionally money to make, whereby its work was directed toward practical and fast usable things first. Thus it developed a new automatic controller for steam engines, a press for the production of cast stone and a compression matter. The idea of a run flying machine, about what it corresponded with his brother William, was however not tackled.

When rising entrepreneur married he on 1 October 1852 Mathilde Duman, daughter of a university professor, with whom he had two daughters and two sons. Mathilde deceased on 1 July 1865. On 13 July 1869 he married distant relatives, Antonie Siemens, Tochter von Karl Siemens, professor at the agricultural academy with Stuttgart. From this marriage a further son, Carl Friedrich followed.

On 17 February 1887 Werner Siemens acquires that approx. 600 hectars large property Biesdorf inclusive lock and transfers it 1889 his son William. This lets extend the lock park between 1891 and 1898 on 14 hectars and by the gardener Albert Brodersen as landscape park extend.

On 6 December 1892 Werner von Siemens in Berlin of a pneumonia succumbed.

Work

Electro-technology

In the year 1842 it succeeded to Werner Siemens alternatively to provide a from german silver with the help of the direct current originating from batteries with a coat from silver or gold with which it became the founder of the galvanotechnics. For this procedure he received a patent, which he sold to a Juwelier. With proceeds from this business it sent brother William at that time to its to England, which had continued to progress much at this time in the technology and industrialization as Germany splintered into many partial states.

At the end of of 1846 it developed the electrical pointer telegraph with Selbstunterbrechung.Im year after invented it a procedure, in order to provide wires with a smooth casing from gutta-percha. This procedure forms to today the basis for the production of isolated lines and electrical cables.

1866 he discovered the direct current generator-electrical principle and built a first dynamo. Siemens believed firmly at the triumphant advances of the electricity, which appeared possible with the dynamo. But there were still too little practicable applications, in order to help the new technology to the break-through.

The entrepreneur Werner von Siemens

On 1 October 1847 it - still in the main profession officer - created the institute for building of telegraphs of Siemens & Halske with the mechanic Johann George Halske in Berlin. The necessary capital for foundation of a firm came from Siemens' cousin Johann George Siemens, the wealthy senior counsel and later joint founders of the German bank. It invested more as 6000 Taler than starting capital against a 20-per cent profit-sharing over six years.

The connection of Siemens and Halske was probably a rare stroke of luck in technology history, because they complemented each other in almost ideal way. Siemens had the knowledge, which experimented ideas and gladly, Halske designed those infinitely many little things those necessary was, in order to make from ideas practically usable devices.

1848 received the recent enterprise a politically important order - the telegraph line from Berlin to Frankfurt/Main, because the German national assembly met there. The line was built still in the winters 1848/49 with devices and cables by Siemens & Halske. The fact that the national assembly king Friedrich William IV. of Prussia to offer wanted already knew these one hour after the tuning, one week before the emperor deputation at Berlin arrived.

Thus Siemens & Halske became at one blow admit and further orders to the building of Telegraphenverbindungen in Prussia and the German states followed. Siemens tried to gain early also on except-German markets a foothold, particularly since it came with the Prussian telegraph administration soon into controversy and received from this over many years no more orders. It entrusted his brother William with the line of a first foreign address in London. Also in Russia he strove for orders. A first success was 1852 the order for the establishment of Telegraphenverbindungen from Warsaw to pc. Petersburg and from pc. Petersburg to Moscow. 1853 sent his brother Carl to Siemens after pc. Petersburg, in order to supervise the building. Carl worked satisfactorily fast as capable entrepreneurs and further orders for the Russian telegraph network followed. 1855 were converted the Russian business under line of Carl into a branch and were established as important support of Siemens & Halske. Orders came also from England, where its own cable factory was established.

There were also setbacks, for example failed to 1864 the transfer of a submarine cable from Cartagena to Oran, which gave sensitive losses to the enterprise. Halske, which hated risky enterprises, required itself to separate from the involving heavy losses address into London. Siemens wanted to leave the brother not in the pass, separated the address from Siemens & Halske and created 1865 with William and Carl in London the Siemens Brothers & CO. But the diversities of opinion between Halske and the Siemens brothers remained consisting and led at the end of 1867 after twenty years to the retreat of Halske of the company. The brothers William and Carl became after separating Halskes the only partners of its brother Werner: Siemens & Halske became the exempt private company of the Siemens brothers.

1870 went after three-year construction period the Indo European telegraph line from London over Teheran to Calcutta with a length from over 11,000 kilometers into enterprise.

• 1879 the first electric train and the first electrical road lighting (in Berlin)
• 1880 the first electrical elevator
• 1881 the first electrical streetcar (in light field)

Social commitment

Siemens thought already early about the fate of its people. The normal remuneration appeared to it not sufficiently: Me the money would burn like glowing iron in the hand, if I did not give the faithful assistant the expected portion. Pure humanitarian attitude was not however, as it wrote in a letter to his brother Carl: It would not be intelligent also from us to let it go out empty in instants large more again enterprise-leading coworkers had already since center of the 1850er years of contracts, which assured success-dependent percentages of profits to them, struggle-lower coworkers got - not contractually specified - premiums. Starting from center of the 1860er Siemens & Halske paid a stocktaking premium in such a way specified at all workers and employees, an early form of the achievement-oriented benefit and a forerunner of the today's profit sharing. All of this were measures around qualified coworkers at Siemens & Halske to be bound and a firm worker trunk to be formed.

1872 created Siemens the pension, widow and Waisenkasse, in which also Halske, which did not belong to the enterprise already any longer, took part. A further sozialpolitsche measure was the 1873 effected introduction of the 9-Stunden-Arbeitstags.

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