Werkstattfertigung describes a kind of production run, with which the individual ranges are structured after activity accomplished there, in the context of the progressing independently of for which products or at which place during the product developing process the activity is needed. In a Werkstattfertigung one finds therefore typically a "welding shop", a "Stanzerei", a "Dreherei" etc. the most important advantage of the Werkstattfertigung lies in the high flexibility regarding the customer's requests. V.a. the high turn-around times of the products, as well as the small productivity are unfavorable.

Description

To specify ordered by a manufacturing for the individual customer the possibility the product according to the personal desires of the customer. Thus the manufacturing for the individual customer represents the contrast to the standardized manufacturing, with that the products at the market to be offered without of the customer to have been specified before.

The manufacturing for the individual customer usually takes place

• purely dependent on customer request (=Auftragsfertigung) and in
• Form of the individual manufacture or small-batch manufacturing.

During the order completion all activities standing with production in the connection are only released when being present a customer order. The exact specification of the final product is only given with entrance of the customer order, a camp manufacturing therefore usually not possibly. Usually only approaches for the product design are present, i.e. thus that after receipt of order still further construction activities are necessary such as a sketching or preparation. Thus it comes with the manufacturing purely dependent on customer request to long delivery times.

During the individual manufacture each product is manufactured individually according to the customer requirements. During small-batch manufacturing a product in a series with up to 20 pieces is manufactured - the products of a series are therefore homogeneous. Of these two forms of the manufacturing those are characteristic

• frequent re-equipment of the machines
• the high partial variety and
• the many processing steps.

During the single or small-batch manufacturing dependent on customer request a high measure of flexibility is demanded, since the manufacturing is confronted with changing production programs and new products constantly. Therefore in principle the favourable arrangement of the jobs is according to for the flow production typical the object principle, with the necessary jobs for manufacturing product spatially according to the consequence of the work routine arranged is around a continuous flow of material to be secured, hardly realizable. During the Werkstattfertigung the arrangement of the jobs takes place according to the performing principle, whereby it resembles or at least similar performing (ex. are combined spatially into a workshop (the

With the manufacturing the product must go through several workshops, whereby a complex flow of material develops. The individual workshops can be coordinated by a PPS system, with which it is ensured that for instance the necessary parts are available in time, which individual workshops and jobs are capacity-moderately co-ordinated or the dates of delivery are kept.

Advantage flexibility

Flexibility expresses the adaptability to different situations. Production flexibility is a measure for it, as fast and in which extent an enterprise in the range production to changed situations, particularly to changed customer's requests, adapt can.

The coworkers of a workshop must master a broad task spectrum. They are versatile trained and must being applicable, like also the machines, vielseitg. Possible occupation fluctuations can become balanced by measures of adaption such as overtime, auxiliary layers or start-up of stand-by machines. Rates of sick persons, vacation or machine failures can be bridged by short term changes of plans on temporary work places. Production is the more flexible, the more possibilities and ways one part which can be produced when going through the manufacturing for the order. Buffers in the form of stocks between the individual jobs serve for the reconciliation of different operating time at two following each other workshops and prevent a spreading of disturbances.

Disadvantage small productivity

The flow of material during the Werkstattfertigung is by one

• high number of transportation and
• by long distances characterized,
• whereby long transportation times develop.

Due to the workshop existence it comes to long downtimes (often 85% of the turn-around time) of the parts. Since the repetition degree of identer and/or similar jobs is small, the operating time lasts contrary to the flow production longer.

Further is the Werkstattfertigung through

• high reequipping frequency and
• a high number on jobs, to be gone through must and where each mark again transportation, lying and preparation times to result,

marked.

From this following the Werkstattfertigung is characterized due to all the mentioned points by long turn-around times and a small productivity.

Literature

• Dorninger, Christian: Manufacturing for the individual customer: Modern techniques and organization forms for production planning and - control, Vienna, 1991, ISBN 3851222997

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