Warna [] (also Varna, Bulgarian ), 1949-1956 Stalin, is a port and a seaside resort in Bulgaria and after Sofia and Plowdiw the third biggest city of the country as well as with its international airport of the traffic centers of the region. The city was called from 1949 to 1956 Stalin. Warna possesses the largest port of Bulgaria. From here ferries drive to Odessa and Istanbul. The city was also the first last stop of the Orient express.

Geografie

Warna is in the northeast of Bulgaria nearby the border to Romania, at the black sea, at the northwest side of the Warnaer bay and because of the foot Frangensko plateau.

West the city extends a long lake, fed from the Prowadijska river.

History

The city, whose earliest origin already lay in thrakischer time, became in 7. Century v. Chr. of Greek settlers from Milet based. The name of the city was at that time still "Odessos". On the basis of the trade with the Thrakern the Greek city state gained rapidly significance. In the 3. Century v. Chr. is the city of Macedonia and in the 1. Century v. Chr. dependent on the Roman realm; Handicraft (pottery, metalworking) and trade developed nevertheless favorably. Kept from that 2. Century n. Chr. Fragments of the Roman hot springs.

the Bulgarian Khan Asparuch the city conquered 681. From that epoch also its current name Warna originates. During the first Bulgarian realm in 9. and 10. Century was Warna an important center of the Christianity, in the second Bulgarian realm in 13. Century became it a city of the handicraft with an important commercial port. It existed connections between north Bulgaria and Konstantinopel, the today's Istanbul, later also with Dubrovnik and the Italian cities Venice and Genova.

1391 conquered armed forces of the Osmani realm the city and made them because of their military-strategically favorable situation a coastal bastion. 53 years later the Polish and Hungarian king Wladyslaw IIITH Jagiello (1386-1444) fell, which the surnames Warnenczyk received, in the battle with Warna with the osmanischen troops under the guidance of Sultan Murad II. on 10 November 1444 in the environment of the city (1404-1451). In the year 1828 the Russian fleet conquered the city, could it however only two years hold. During the Krimkrieges between 1853 and 1856 Warna played a large role. The city was 1854 temporarily occupied by British and French troops.

Although in 18. and 19. Century Russia and the Osmani realm several times fights for Warna out-fenced, experienced the city in the 1830er and 1840er years an economic upswing, above all the trade, and became seat of several consulates of European states. The first railway line in the Osmani realm in the year 1866 connected Warna and Russian at the Danube and with it with Western Europe. It stimulated the development of the navigation and the light industry. Also after the release from the osmanischen rule on 28 July 1878 Warna retained itself its meaning as port and commercial town.

1893 were created in the city the social-democratic party and 1901 came to the first strike of the Warnaer dock labourers. In the Second World War it came in the city to fights between Bulgarian partisans and the German armed forces, Warna was center of the 10. Operation army. On 8 August 1944 Soviet armed forces and Bulgarian partisans conquered the city. After the fall of the communist government in Sofia on 10 November 1989, democratic conditions began themselves to intersperse also in Warna.

Partnerships between cities

Warna maintains partnerships with the following cities:

Quarter partnership with that Hamburg district

Culture and objects of interest

Urban center is the "nut/mother God cathedral" from the year 1896, a monumental building with interesting Wandmalereien and considerable carpenter works on the inside. In the proximity are a bazaar and the museum of the well-known naval painter Georgi Welschew (1891-1955) with a collection of 250 pictures. South a park plant lies, in whose southeast corner around an open space among other things the "national theatre" and the "national opera" group themselves; a beautiful Wasserspiel, whose spray illuminated in the evening then in many colors.

A piece southward continues to stand the "people customer museum" from 1860 with its looks old-Bulgarian implements, Volkstrachten and house mechanisms. Southeast of it, in the pc. - Atanas church from the year 1838 is a valuable icon collection from that 18. and 19. To visit century. Behind it the opened Roman hot springs conclude themselves from that 2. Century n. Chr. on, with 7,000 square meters the largest Balkan Peninsula. That formerly 18 meters high mineral bath contained several by domes considered of halls, which were equipped with marble and mosaic plates. In that park areas following east are the "new Roman bath" from that 3. and 4. Century n. Chr., which "naval museum" (development of the Bulgarian navigation) and the aquarium, in which the fauna of the black sea is presented. Worth seeing far are eastern the "archaeological museum" (a former with numerous show pieces from the oldest past of the city, a and outstanding work art-relating to crafts. Particularly interesting the inspection of a grave is out long past times. As grave supplement gold decoration from that serves 4. Millenium v.u.Z. This is the world-wide oldest gold worked on by humans.

Somewhat continues to stand the 1860/1861 builds first Bulgarian school museum of the national Wiedergeburt furnished by Warna with one inside. In the ground floor the buildings of the Erzengel Michael church are and in the upper floor of exhibits from that 17. to 20. To visit century. Interesting also the pc. are - Nikolaus church of 1866 with a collection of icons and Holzschnitzereien from more recent time.

Outside of the city a Nekropole lies from the Karanowo epoch, in which the oldest worked on gold of mankind, also well-known as "gold of Warna", was found. The characteristic of the grave field are symbolic graves so mentioned, in which only added, not however human remnants were found. Abruptly perhaps the settlement by this early advanced culture ended after newer research realizations, which are still discussed at present.

Economics and traffic

Warna possesses the largest sea port of the country, where about half of the sea-lateral freight transport of Bulgaria are completed. In the city diesel engines, electrical devices, metal goods, food and textiles are manufactured.

The shipyards concentrate around the port. Grain, dairy products and cattle belong to the most important products of export.

The city is an important traffic center of the country with international airport, railway and road connections into many parts of the country.

Education

Warna possesses several educational facilities. In addition belong a university, a medical university and a Marinekolleg as well as several research establishments among other things for Ozeanografie, fish economy and hydrodynamics.

Honour citizen

Sons and daughters of the city

• Dragomir Josifov, Bulgarian composer, conductor and pianist
• Atanas Kareew, Bulgarian pianist

Other

The "Festa Dolphinarium" is one in Bulgaria liked circus-looks with Delfinen. It exists since 1984.

Before the beach oblong the "sea garden" pulls itself with scarcely 10km (bulg. Morska Gradina). It offers not only a beautiful sight but also a Tretbootteich and much place to the visitors to the Relaxen.

Related links

• Guide-Bulgaria.com - the city Warna (English)
• Homepage of the city Warna (Bulgarian)
• Side with photos of Warna (English)
• Seaside resort gold beach with Warna

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