Value analysis understands itself as an effect system for the release of complex problems, nor for which neither clear solutions admits solutions with the help of numeric procedures, how are possible e.g. by computer application. It serves for to the development and improvement of products, technical operational sequence and other procedures within all ranges of economics, science and administration. By the application of the effect system value analysis a substantial improvement and increase in value of the worked on objects are usually reached, which are connected in relation to the original situation with a reduction of the expenditure and the costs at the same time. The value analysis is used in principle project-specifically and in small interdisciplinary teams.

The value analysis contains a cooperating of the resources methodology, behaviors and management including the surrounding field to an holistic solution identification. For methodology are characteristic in principle the systematic proceeding in individual work procedures, thinking in effects and functions as well as the separation of the creative phase with the solution search of the evaluation of the different determined solutions and the final decision for a solution.

The central yardstick of all decisions with the value analysis is the term value, which is defined generally by the relationship use/expenditure and must > 1 be fundamental.

Application and goals of the value analysis

The value analysis concerns itself with the effects of a product, which are formulated in functions. It is examined:

• the product or the examined process is to develop which effects at all
• whether all effects, which are an object unfolded desired or necessary,
• whether they can be realized with other solutions more economically and better,
• which price a customer ready is to be paid for the effect.

The value analysis is used not only with existing products for the increase in value and/or reduction of costs, but also with products, which are only in the development (value organization).

In an enterprise overhead costs play a special role. Usually they grow continuously and are only heavily into the grasp to be gotten. With value analysis this cost range can be analyzed efficiently. A goal is it to avoid not necessary achievements or to find solutions to the more rational achievement contribution (overhead costs value analysis). The connection between overhead costs and achievement contribution is substantially obscurer than with variable costs. Overhead costs are costs, which are not directly zurechenbar the product like e.g. current consumption or general administratives expense. Brought in perception samples, habits, in addition, consideration for certain persons, possession conditions and positions prevent frequently possible and necessary rationalization measures.

With the methodology of the value analysis goals are achieved, like e.g.:

• Development and improvement of products and processes
• Saving of time by regular and purposeful working on of the problem definition
• Motivation increase with coworkers by including the concerning into problem solution
• Stimulation of creativity by the employment of appropriate methods (brainstorming, etc.)
• Structure of coworker networks in the enterprise
• smoother, because more understanding co-operation in the consequence of the projects
• Know-how paste run gene with all team members
• Team-oriented working according to the rules of the consent principle
• Quality increases and cost savings of at least 10%, usually however clearly over it (30 to 50%).

Organization of the value analysis

The value analysis contains the following three resources:

The schedule is given according to DIN standard 69910. Targets concerning the date, the quality and the costs are necessary. In addition range-spreading in the team one works. An experienced moderator takes over the presentation and line.

The team members, any more than 6-8 persons, are not all on the same hierarchical level in undertaking and have a direct and/or indirect purchase to the product which can be manufactured. For special cases, which cannot be solved from the team, external experts must be consulted. It is important that the team members are both technical and economically trained.

Additionally a training is accomplished from the outset to the group work. The team leaders control the analysis technology well and are able to motivate the coworkers. Holistic, system-oriented thinking is necessary.

The management specifies the aims of the project (having goals). In addition it creates the coworkers favorable conditions for work and provides for the supply of resources. The management makes the appropriate decisions and takes a model function.

Cooperating these resources as well as their simultaneous mutual influence determine, to what extent the goal of an optimization of the result can be achieved.

Expiration of the value analysis

The value analysis contains 6 work procedures according to DIN 69910.

1. Preparation

The differentiation of cost regulation factors can take place by means of ABC analysis. The factors, which are responsible for 80% of manufacturing costs, belong to the A-group. The remaining cost regulation factors are assigned to the groups of B and C. The value analysis should concentrate on the A-group, because the Ersparnispotenzial is largest in absolute amounts there.
2. Determine the actual condition

   In the value analysis the costs of a product are referred exclusively to its functions. Functions in the sense of the value analysis are purposes, tasks and effects of objects. In this phase the function and cost analysis take place.

3. • Description of function

The description of function is the starting point for the determination and for looking for all conceivable solutions.

• Kinds of function

The kinds of function can be divided as follows:

By customs functions those functions are understood, which are necessary for the technical and economic use of the value analysis object.

Validity functions are those, which affect the use or use function of an object not substantially. They fulfill the geschmacklichen or prestige-oriented requirements. A validity function is necessary, if the customer wishes this additional function.

• Function classes

The differentiation after main and secondary functions in the value analysis makes it possible to separate the absolutely necessary tasks from the only indirectly necessary to. A product can possess thereby several main and secondary functions:

The main functions mark the actual major tasks or the intended purpose of the investigation object. Their fulfilment is essential.

The secondary functions mark further necessary tasks, which must contribute to fulfill the main functions. They help however often only indirectly with the fulfilment the main function. In the value analytic investigation therefore on the one hand secondary functions are to be eliminated to a large extent or be attributed by summary to a minimum, on the other hand one they could be necessary also than inevitable secondary functions of the product.

A goal of a value analysis is it to reduce the secondary functions of a product to eliminate and the unnecessary functions completely. Therefore a thorough functional analysis is the basis, on which the success of this work is dependent.

• Function costs

The function costs are all costs of the material, the manufacturing and assembly as well as all planning, investment and arrangement costs, which are necessary for the production of the product.

If these costs are not only to be set for the regarded functions, then they are to be added proportionately. Cost emphasis is to be recognized and cost comparisons to be made possible by this function cost calculation. By means of function cost matrix can be determined, which shares of the cost are allotted to the individual functions.

The results of the function cost matrix inform about the further procedure to the value analysis.

For the object target being are determined. Those are functions, without which one cannot do. These target being are compared with the actual functions.

Here solutions are looked for, how the value analysis object is to be arranged alternative, in order to be able to realize the target being. Different techniques of the idea identification can be used, like e.g. brainstorming, Brainwriting, Delphitechnik, creativity technology.

In this phase the solutions of the previous step are examined. First it concerns the question whether the given target being are fulfilled. Subsequently, the examination of operational efficiency takes place. A goal is it to determine that solution with which the given functions with the smallest costs can be realized.

With this indexing step the solutions are selected and carried out afterwards.

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