The Tuberkulose (briefly TBC or Tbc, in former times also the shrinking craze or the disease cook, colloquially "the moths ") is an infection. The Tuberkulose states the statistics of the deadly infections and the WHO estimates that in the next ten years 30 million deaths will occur. In Germany as well as in many other countries the Tuberkulose is subject to the obligation to register.

Exciter of the Tuberkulose

The exciters of the Tuberkulose are bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex with the named-giving and most important kind Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Only about 5-10 per cent with Mycobacterium tuberculosis gotten sick humans with weakened immune system infected at Tuberkulose, concerned particularly are. The transmission effected usually via droplet infection from humans gotten sick in the environment. If germs are provable in the ejection (Sputum), one speaks of "openly "Tuberkulose. From coughs then an infectious aerosol results, whereby the exciters remain for hours in the room air. Since cattle can likewise get sick to the Tuberkulose, in former times not pasteurisierte milk was a common source of infection. Because of the transferability of animals on humans the Tuberkulose ranks among the Zoonosen.

For instance a third of the population of world is infected with Tuberkuloseerregern and each second is added a further case. About eight million humans get sick and to about two million die at the illness per year, frequently due to insufficient possibilities of treatment, since the therapy is expensive antibiotics required and lengthy: It often cannot be accomplished with the social/social life circumstances of the concerning.

Also the laboratories necessary for the diagnosis and treatment are missing in many regions concerned. Particularly in Eastern Europe a causing concern increase of the Tuberkulose is to be registered, above all also with multi-resistant exciter trunks by poverty and the fall of the health service. Such medicine-resistant is an also world-wide always frequent cause of the illness.

An Tuberkulose infection is particularly problematic when HIV infecting with manifest AIDS: The probability of the outbreak of an Tuberkulose illness increases by a multiple, if an HIV infection is present. However the immune system weakened by HIV often leads during a Tuberkulose Routineuntersuchung to negative results, although the illness is present (see also error 1. and to 2. Kind). With this skin tests (Tuberkulin test, Tine test) the immunological reaction is examined for exciter components, which is restrained by AIDS. The process of the Tuberkulose is then substantially accelerated. In poor countries TBC is considered as indication of the outbreak of AIDS and leads with the majority all HIV getting sick to death. The WHO demands and promotes therefore a world-wide co-ordination of the Tuberkulose and AIDS research.

Tuberkulose is one oldest troubles of mankind and also an indicator for the living conditions in a society, since she can be back-pushed toward a good nutrition and sufficient hygenic conditions also without special medical measures.

most important exciters of the Tuberkulose, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a grampositives, aerobes bacterium, which divides all 16 to 20 hours. Compared to other bacteria, which have division rates within the range of minutes, this is extremely slow. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to resist weak disinfectants. The microscopic proof succeeds by the typical coloring characteristics: The bacterium keeps its colouring after treatment with a sour solution and therefore as "acid-resistant "is designated. In the most common colouring of this kind, the Ziehl Neelsen colouring, the red dyed germs before a blue background stand out. The proof succeeds further by Fluoreszenzmikroskopie and by the auramine Rhodamin colouring. In the gram's stain Mykobakterien hardly present themselves, the structure of cell wall resemble however strong grampositiver bacteria, so that Mycobacterium is formally classified tuberculosis as grampositiv.

To the same bacteria's group belongs further Mykobakterien, which partly the Tuberkulose very similar clinical complaints can cause: M. bovis, M. africanum, M. kansasii, M. microti and M. avium. The first two exciters are rare, third and fourth usually cause no human infection. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. microti, M. canetti, M. pinnipedi, M. caprae and the inoculation trunk M. bovis BCG in summary as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex.

History

Tuberkulose is well-known since the antiquity. Skeleton remnants of humans (4000 v. Chr.) showed traces of the illness. destruction became also in bones of Egyptian mummies of 3000-2400 v. Chr. found. There were referring to Tuberkulose in India and America around 2000 v. Chr.

Around 460 v. Chr. Hippokrates Phthisis marked (griech. = decrease) as the widen-common illness of all times, which was nearly always deadly.

Because of the multiplicity of their symptoms the illness into the 1820er was recognized years not as uniform illness and was not called only 1839 of Johann Lukas beautiful flax "Tuberkulose ".

The bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis became to 24. March 1882 by Robert cook described. It received the Nobelpreis in physiology (medicine) to 1905 for this discovery. Cook did not believe that the bovine and human Tuberkulose was similar, which retarded the recognition of infected milk as source of the illness. Later this source was eliminated by pasteurization. Cook designated 1890 an Glycerin excerpt of the Tuberkelbazillen as "aid "for the recognition of the Tuberkulose and called him Tuberkulin. It was not effective, but by Pirquet for a test of the latent Tuberkulose was later adapted.

First genuine success with Immunisierung against Tuberkulose was reached by Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin 1906 with their BCG vaccine. It was used first on 18 July 1921 in France at humans. Nationalisti currents prevented the widespread use until the Second World War.

Tuberkulose caused in 19. and early 20. Century general interest as the endemic illness urban arms. 1815 were caused in England of one of four deaths and 1918 a Sechstel of the deaths in France by Tuberkulose. The first Tuberkulose sanatorium was opened 1859 in Poland; later 1885 in the United States. After the recognition of the illness as sticking on the Tuberkulose in 1880ern became a compulsorily notifiable illness in Great Britain. There were the campaigns for the avoidance of the Ausspuckens at public places and stuck on arms became lively ""to go into sanatoriums which resembled rather prisons. Despite the maintained use the fresh air and the work in the sanatorium deceased 75 per cent of the passengers within five years (1908).

In Europe the Tuberkulose caused 1850 500 of 100.000 and 1950 50 of 100.000 deaths. Improvements in the public health service already reduced number of the illnesses before introduction of antibiotics.

1946 with the development of the antibiotic Streptomycin became apart from prevention the active treatment possible. Before it only the surgical treatment was well-known, in particular the Pneumothorax technology. To arrange a lung concerned artificially collapsed around the lung to the stop and to healing the changes completely. This technology was however from little use and after 1946 was gradually adjusted.

Hopes that the illness could be completely eliminated, were destroyed since the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant trunks in the eighties. Thus it gave around 1955 50,000 Tuberkulose cases in Great Britain. 1987 was it 5,500, but in the year 2001 again over 7.000 confirmed cases. Because of the task of the public health service in New York in the seventies there was a rereviving in the eighties. The number of those, which could not take their medicines, was high. New York had to become finished with more than 20,000 "not necessary "Tuberkulose patients with antibiotic-resistant trunks (is called resistant to at least Rifampin and Isoniazid). The rereviving of the Tuberkulose resulted 1993 in an explanation to the global health emergency by the World Health Organization. A further reason for the renewed increase of the Tuberkulose cases in the western world is the rising number at humans with migration background from countries with high

By restraining a set of genes, researchers caused themselves 2003 inadvertently a more dangerous and faster reproducing trunk of the Tuberkulosebakteriums.

The WHO has the 24. March in the year 1996 to the Welttuberkulosetag explains.

Articles in category "Tuberkulose"

We found here 16 articles.