The testing of materials covers most diverse testing methods with those the behavior and material characteristics by standardized material samples or finished construction units (construction unit examination) under mechanical, thermal or chemical stresses is determined.

A material is examined thereby regarding its purity, accuracy or maximum stress. According to the kind the usual testing methods are divided into two prime data areas: destructive and non destructive testing of materials.

History

The cannon examination represented in the picture shows a very early and pragmatic form of the testing of materials. The material was examined at the finished product. The gun barrel which can be examined was inverted over a ball lying on a stake. If the pipe got over the ignition of the Pulverladung, it could be further used. In this test a mass had to be accelerated, which is substantially larger, as late ball which can be accelerated.

Destructive testing of materials

During the destructive testing of materials materials are examined for chemical and physical characteristics and destroyed or changed thereby. The wesenstlichen methods of this test kind are:

• Traction test for the examination of the tensile strength, above all the yield strength
• Compression test
• Impact test after Charpy, Izod and impact course
• Crystallography/metallography
• Difference temperature analysis
• Gaschromatografie
• Fatigue test after
• Hardness test e.g. after Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell, Shore
• Bending test
• Bending test
• Torsionsversuch
• Cupping test after Erichsen
• Shear test
• Brennprobe
• Welding on bending test
• Stirnabschreckversuch

Non destructive testing of materials

During the non destructive testing of materials the quality of a workpiece is tested, without damaging the workpiece. For this different physical effects are used, which one divides in two groups: Defektoskopie and qualimetry.

The first non destructive testing of materials was probably the determination of the density by the displacement method after Archimedes. Most frequently however by it examinations on construction unit errors are understood.

Among the classical non destructive testings of materials rank:

• Density determination (e.g. by lift weighing)
• Microscopy and/or metallography
• Conductivity examination of warmth or electric current

• Ultrasonic testing (UT)
• Dye penetration test (PT)
• Magnetic particle test (MT)
• Eddy current inspection (ET)
• Leak test (LT)
• Visual check/visual examination (VT)
• Sound emission examination (RK)
• Thermography (TT)
• X-ray inspection (X-raying and isotope technique) (blank)
• Magnetic bark living noise
• Harmonic analysis of the Zeitsignals of the tangential magnetizing force
• Overlapping permeability

Related links

• University of Stuttgart (MPA) Stuttgart
• Federal Institution for material research and - examination
• German society for non destructive examination registered association (DGZfP)
• Fraunhofer Institut for non destructive testing methods IZFP
• Laboratory for wood and dry construction

Literature

• Gernot Krankenhagen/refuge summerhouse: Testing of materials, of explosions, breaks and examinations. 1983, rororo, ISBN 3-499-17710-2

Articles in category "Testing of materials"

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