Trabzon (in former times Trapezunt, Greek dt. Trapezunt, English Trebizond, frz. is a Turkish city on the south bank of the black sea. Trabzon has 975,137 inhabitants (conditions: 2000). Trabzon is capital and economical center of the province of the same name and is place of transshipment for the export of food, cattle and tobacco. In the surrounding countryside dte, tobacco and corn are cultivated. An airport and a technical university (1963 based) are likewise in the city. Also the port is from very great importance.

The Greek name of the city read (Trapezous), which again-Greek from which latin designation Trapenzuntum was derived.

History

See also: Empire of Trapezunt

The area around Trabzon is settled for at least 9000 years. After the legend "white trunk" is to have participated a group of peoples mentioned from Trabzon in the war around Troja. At present the large realm of the Hethiter one called Trabzon Hayasa or Azzi. The assyrischen rulers made from Trabzon an important commercial town, in 7. Century v. Chr. Greeks from Milet (small Asia) settled themselves on 756 v. CH.). Later the city was conquered by the Persern and around 334 v.Chr by Alexander the large one.

In the Roman Kaiser era Trabzon became starting from 117 n. Chr. the province capital and made itself a name as shipbuilding center. 258 n. Chr. the Goten put the city in debris and ash. Their end of the 3. Century already they built and established Christian inhabitant many churches and monasteries.

As the armies 4. Crusade 1204 the Byzantine realm, thrashed and in Konstantinopel latin empire established, developed around Byzanz several Greek succession states unexpectedly attacked. The realm of Trapezunt was one of it and like that was Trapezunt the capital of a separate Empire of, a branch of the ruler dynasty of the Komnenen Byzantine of the cross drivers from Konstantinopel refugees. After the idea of the Mongols the realm experienced an enormous prosperity by trade and tariffs. It became the junction from commercial routes to Russia, into the Mediterranean area and into the middle east. With the shrinking of Mongolian power after 1320 also Trapezunt saw itself increasingly to attacks of different Turkish countries and trunks suspended. In addition civil wars and internal plots came.

After conquest Konstantinopels by the Turks in the year 1453 maintained ground the realm of Trapezunt still few years under osmanischer upper rule. Trapezunt fell finally 1461, after it had undertaken a last attempt as a leader of an alliance of Greek countries against the Sultan to re-establish the Byzantine realm. On the high point of its power the yard of the Komnenen was an important artistic and cultural center, which made Trapezunt the last Refugium of Greek civilization in small Asia.

During the First World War the city was occupied by Russian troops and returned only after the war to Turkey.

Sons and daughters of the city

• Basilius Bessarion, Byzantine theologian and human
• I. the magnificent one, osmanischer Sultan

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