The tobacco industry covers enterprises, which manufacture cigarettes, cigars, smoke tobacco, Schnupftabak or Snus. This industry strongly dominated through world-wide active companies or enterprises with a national monopoly.

World-wide 1999 approximately two million persons were busy in the cigarette industry and the suppliers. Over two thirds of all jobs were in China, India and Indonesia. The three largest multinational tobacco companies had 2003 somewhat more than 100,000 employees.

Law procedure

Since the 50's-years in nearly 40 states adhesion and criminal procedures were led against the tobacco industry, most of it in the USA. This process flood continues to stop. At present are for example against Philip Morris in the USA over 400 cases, while Philip Morris international in all other states in something must leading deplored processes over 150 cases than.

Law procedure of authorities

US Federal States led numerous compensation processes into the 1990er years against the tobacco industry. 1998 agreed 40 US Federal States, the District OF Columbia and five US-American territories with the US tobacco industry on a master Settlement Agreement http://www.attorneygeneral.gov/ppd/tobacco/pdf/msa.pdf. In the main point the US tobacco industry committed itself to carry for the plaintiffs out during 25 years more than 200 billion US dollars. But the Federal States did without the submission of further complaints.

The US Government made pending against the tobacco industry a civil action for 1999. The complaint relies on a law of 1970, which became to issue at that time for the fight of the mafia. She accuses to the tobacco industry the public over the dependence of nicotine and the health dangers of smoking to have intentionally been deceptive. The documents of the tobacco industry http://www.library.ucsf.edu/tobacco/litigation/ are to prove that the accused companies formed a kind criminal trust since beginning of the 1950er years, in order to deceive cigarette-consuming. Which made the tobacco industry since then, the US Government requires all profits and interest, altogether 280 billion US Dollar, back.

This civil proceedings of the US Government against the tobacco industry were opened on 21 September 2004. The validity of the taxing away of surplus profits was answered in the negative on 4 February 2005 by the United States Court OF Appeals for the District OF Colombia Circuit in an interim decision. Against this judgement the US Government required the United States with supreme the Court OF on 18 July 2005 a revision. This desiring was rejected on 17 October 2005 by supreme the Court. The current process conditions become daily HTTP: /www.tobacco-on-trial.com/and as summary http://www.econ.uni-hamburg.de/IRdW/zivil/Materialien/Prozessbeobachtung_Rauchen/body_prozessbeobachtung_rauchen.html documents.

The European community and 10 EEC member nations had led different complaints against Philip Morris international (PMI) because of cigarette smugglings. On the other side PMI exerted a procedure against the European commission before the European Court of Justice likewise. All existing law cases were terminated on 9 July 2004 with the conclusion of an agreement of several years over an effective system for the fight against cigarette smuggling and cigarette falsifications. the agreement plans payments of PMI. Their height depends on different factors and could amount to over 1250 million US Dollar in one period of 12 years.

Law procedure in Europe von Privatpersonen

Only for few years also at European courts compensation complaints are submitted by smokers or their members. The first complaint of a smoker in Germany against Reemtsma on compensation and smart money because of health damage was rejected 2003 by the national court Arnsberg. The higher regional court Hamm rejected the appointment of the plaintiff 2004.

ETI (today Italia ASKED) was condemned in March 2005 by the civil court Romans of the Appelationshofes to compensation line. The court condemned the cigarette manufacturer to the payment of 200.000 euro to the members the 1991 deceased of a smoker. They had complained, because ETI before introduction of the warning duty to warn had informed not sufficiently about the risks of smoking.

Romans the labor court awarded in May 2005 the members the deceased of a Passivraucherin 400,000 euro. She had worked during 7 years at the education Ministry in the same office as three strong smokers. Their requests to shift it to a smokeless job were several times rejected. The court recognized, the passive smoking exactly the same as a smoking cancer to cause can and was called therefore their complaint well.

Lobbyism

Over the lobbyism of the tobacco industry little was well-known into the 1990er years. Over in the public not well-known influences on persons from politics, economics and media, but was missing one speculated at witnesses or documents, who could prove this. This changed only 1994, when Stanton Glantz, ASKED University California, into the possession of 10.000 internal documents of the tobacco companies Brown & Williamson and came. 1998 the US tobacco industry besides in the process of an adhesion process to further publication by documents was forced. The US public was indignant, when it experienced from the not published results of research over the dangers of smoking and passive smoking as well as nicotine dependence.

So far the tobacco industry over 40 million sides had to make documents publicly accessible. They are so extensive that they could not be evaluated yet all. It can be pointed out nevertheless that the most important goals of the tobacco industry the influencing control on the tax legislation, which was prevention of an advertising and a Sponsoringverbotes for tobacco products and playing down the health endangerment by passive smoking.

The procedure of the tobacco industry was similar in all states: Politicians, scientists and journalists were recompenced invitations to conferences and Sponsoring by orders, advisor contracts, by causes for the fact that they could be instrumentalisieren for the requests of the tobacco industry.

The influence of the tobacco industry on the Swiss HTTP: /repositories.cdlib.org/ctcre/tcpmi/Swiss2001/ and German policy in 1980er- and 1990er-Jahren could be analyzed and occupied due to these documents.

The payment of scientists became in the so-called "affair Rylander open gel GET. http://www.prevention.ch/rylanderpm.htm. Of a determination commission of the University of Geneva, Switzerland, 2004 were stated the fact that its emirierter Wissenschafter, R. Rylander, not when of the tobacco industry of independent researchers can be regarded, since he maintained durable and as far as possible connections secretly held in his role as Consultant with it. http://www.fumercafaitdumal.ch/topic4812.html a kantonales conviction against two Wissenschafter, which were accused of the honouring injury by Rylander, had already waived the Swiss Federal court 2003. http://www.prevention.ch/ryjutf170403.htm

Reliability and honesty

In November 2005 the Reader's Digest Europe Health Survey was published 2005 http://www.rdeuropehealth.com). In 13 countries for the reliability and honesty by 15 industries one asked. The tobacco companies landed in 15. and last rank with 6% of the answering, which classified this industry as complete or rather trustworthily and honestly.

The rank list: Pharmacies 65%, airlines 34%, automobile industry 29%, health insurances 26%, banks and financial establishments 26%, Pharmaindustrie 25%, supermarkets 25%, media/press 21%, holiday trip organizer 20%, food industry 18%, life insurances 18%, Telefongesellschaften 18%, oil companies 8%, alcohol industry 7%, tobacco companies 6%.

The German tobacco industry committed itself in a freiwilligen self-restraint agreement in relation to the Federal Ministry for health (BMGS) to present in close proximity to schools and youth mechanisms no tobacco advertisement to set up and no tobacco automatic vending machines. All this agreement hurting tobacco automatic vending machine should be diminished to at the end of of 1997 from the automat on plates. Still thousands of cigarette automats offend nevertheless against this agreement also in the year 2004 in the entire federal territory.

Articles in category "Tobacco industry"

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