As tiger states (the word 20 became in the 80's. Century coined/shaped) economically boom-end states of Asia designated. The designation therefore comes that many of these states with a high economic growth from developing countries grew to industrial nations.

Phases

This "boom" can be subdivided in phases: In the output stage the country is economically regarded underdeveloped, in addition raw material poverty, small agricultural serviceability and high illiterate rate e.g. counts. The country depends therefore on many imported goods. In order to terminate and the imported goods substitute this bad state, light industry is attracted, which are interested particularly in low wages, hardly legal protection of the workers - e.g. in military dictatorships - and an absence of trade unions, in order to produce in most economical way. Into this time the country changes from an agrarian to an industrial nation, similarly the structural change within the 3-Sektoren-Modells of the economical viewpoint, even if social conditions improve only little or worsen.

Depression

After this phase follows a depression of the economy, which is justified by the loss of the location advantages, like a developing of trade unions and associated social demands or also a comparable - still more favorable - behavior in neighbour states. To this crisis with the structure of modern industry one reacts, which is not created no more by foreign investors. This modern economy offers now higher wages when simultaneous social security and brings in many cases an increasing of the service sector with itself. For the structure of modern industries investments and the structure of Universities of, opening for the international trade and political stability are crucial. In South Korea, Taiwan and reduced in Hong Kong was democratized in this phase the political system.

Problems

However this rapid growth does not accompany without problems: In the tiger states first above all low wage industry develops and later almost exclusively Hightech industry, which a Monokultur equals, which brings again risks in relation to crises with itself, in addition can fast for dependence on few raw material and sales markets develop. In addition the industry so well exclusively grows in the cities, why the become impoverished migrates into the cities (migration from the land), so that it comes to a rapid and uncontrolled urbanization, which often itself by Slumbildung and infrastructural bottlenecks.

Many Southeast Asiatic large cities did not even possess an underground or a Metro net into the 90's. A further challenge is it to guarantee that industrial development the shears between arm and realm lets gape not too far, and the development to an industrial nation at expense of the social development does not happen.

Putrid credits in the tiger states led 1997 to the Asia crisis.

Tiger states

The classical four tiger states of Asia are:

• South Korea
• Hong Kong
• Taiwan
• Singapore

Later further states are added, which follow the example of the four classical states, the Pantherstaaten in such a way specified:

• Indonesia
• Malaysia
• Thailand
• The Philippines

Flight goose model

Meanwhile it follows ever more states the example of these tiger states why one calls the phenomenon flight goose model (or English Flying Geese), whereby Japan takes the first position and the tiger states follow.

Related links

Post office Crisis Exchange rate regime in Southeast Asia

See also

Celtic tiger, Baltic tiger, annuitant states

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