Theodosius Dobzhansky / Genetiker

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Theodosius Dobzhansky (Russian , Feodossi Grigorjewitsch Dobrschanski; * 25 January 1900 in Nemirow; " 18 December 1975 in San Jacinto) was an Russian-US-American Genetiker, zoologist and an evolution biologist, who apply together with Ernst Mayr as one of the prominent representatives of the synthetic evolution theory, which combined the genetics (Mendel laws) with the evolution theory.

Dobzhansky made crucial contributions to understand the biological evolution and the emergence of the kinds. He was not only a large evolution theoretician but also an important experimenter. Admits became it by its genetic research over the fruit fly Drosophila.

Life

Dobzhansky was born in Nemirow, in the former Zarenreich Russia, today Ukraine as a son of a mathematics teacher. Already early it interested in insects and collected themselves moths and butterflies. With 12 years he knew that he wanted to become biologist. It visited the University of Kiew from 1917 to 1921. Here it concerned itself with anatomy and systematics of ladybirds. 1924 it shifted its main point of work on baptizing couches (Drosophila more melanogaster). 1924 he married the Evolutionsbiologin Natalia (Natascha) Sivertsev. it took a place at the University of Leningrad to 1927 on/sank Petersburg.

Dobzhansky emigrierte 1927 with its wife into the USA, where he worked in "the fly area "from Thomas Hunt Morgan to the Columbia University in New York. Here seeking to locate genes on Chromosomen by one the frequency of left characteristics studied. Dobzhansky illuminated fruit flies with X-ray and studied the increased Chromosomenaberration with marking genes. The experience for many years in preparing beetles made it for it possible to prove the linear arrangement of genes in Chromosomen under the microscope. Of the Columbia University it followed Thomas Hunt Morgan to the California institutes OF Technology in Pasadena, California and taught there from 1930 to 1940. Here he worked on Translokationen (misalignment of a Chromosomenteils within the same Chromosoms) and on the development of the male or female sex. 1936 he became a professor of the Zoologie. Dobzhansky became US-American citizen in the year 1937.

1937 it published its influential work Genetics and the Origin OF Species and supplied thereby one the cornerstone of the synthetic evolution theory. It contained newest realizations of the theoretical and practical population genetics as well as "the neodarwinistischen' realizations of Ronald Fisher, Sewall WRIGHT, and John Burdon Sanderson Haldane. There was a systematic overview of variation, selection and isolation mechanisms in natural populations. Dobzhansky defined 1937 the evolution as "change of the allele frequencies in a gene pool". Together with Sewall WRIGHT it could show like the evolution a stable equilibrium in populations manufactures.

From 1940 to 1962 he was a professor to the Columbia University in New York. Here he became a close friend of the Genetikers L.C. Dunn, with which he published some books. Also a close employer-employee relationship with George Gaylord Simpson and Ernst Mayr existed. Contently with pure laboratory work Dobzhansky never traveled much during its 22 years to the Columbia university. It looked for flies in Guatemala, Brazil, Chile, Australia, again Guinea, Egypt, India, Indonesia and the western parts of the USA. 1962 it published one child Evolving, in which it expanded the synthesis of genetics and evolution with the anthropology and sociology.

1962 it accepted a place at the Rockefeller Institut (late Rockefeller university), which it held up to its retirement 1971. 1971 he became an extraordinary professor for genetics at the university of California in Davis.

Dobzhansky practiced criticism at the creationists for its refusal of the evolution theory; for example he criticized Pope Paul VI. for its anti-evolutionary attitude. A oft-quoted sentence from its book from 1937 is: scythe emergency-hung except into the light OF evolution, German nothing in biology is meaningfully except in the light of the evolution regarded into biology makes. Dobzhansky expressed itself also to philosophical questions (Alfred North Whitehead) and to the social effects of its work. Dobzhansky was a trailer critical rationalism of Karl of the R. Popper.

Its anti-racistic Postition

Into the 1960er-Jahren Dobzhansky the race gave up as scientific category. Whenever this category in history was used, terrible abuse thereby had been committed. Quotation:

Each person has a Genotyp and a life history, which from every other nature differ, is it from a member of the family, the clan, the race or mankind. Beyond the universal rights of all human natures (which a typologische writing up can be!), a person should rate due to his own earnings/services evaluated. <p> (out: On of type, Genotypes, and the gene TIC Diversity in population. See indication of literature down. Zit. after the translation of Sander L. Gilman (2005) in: The Jewish nose: Are Jews/Jewesses Or the history of the Nasenchirogie in: In: Maureen Maisha Eggers, Grada Kilomba, Peggy Pie, Susan Arndt (Hg.) (2005): Myths, masks and subjects. see under the Lemma: Sander L. Gilman) <p>

See also: Time board of the evolution research

Works (selection)

Heredity, Race and Society (1946)
Genetics and the Origin OF Species

(1937, third edition 1951)

The Biological basis OF human Freedom (1954)

Evolution, Genetics, and one (1955)

Radiation, gene, and one (1959)

One child Evolving: The evolution OF the human Species (1962)

Heredity and the nature OF one (1964)

The Biology OF Ultimate Concern (1967)

Heredity, Race and Society (1968)

Genetics OF the Evolutionary Process (1970)

Gene TIC Diversity and human Equality (1973)

Essays

On of type, Genotypes, and the gene TIC Diversity in population. In: J.N. Spuhler (Hrsg.): Gene TIC Diversity and human Behavior. Chicago: Aldine, (1967)