The sheet mushrooms (Agaricales) are an order of the subclass of the hat mushrooms (in former times Hymenomycetidae, after Ainsworth today Agaricomycetidae) in the class of the stand mushrooms (Basidiomycetes), with which under the hat with usually radial handle the lamellas are arranged, which carry the reproduction fabric. This Hymenium points often kind and kind-typical characteristics to (formation of Zystiden). The Basidien is usually four occasionally two-porously. The Sporen are individually standing and exogenously ripening Basidiosporen, which can be hydroextracted actively (Ballistosporen).

The sheet mushrooms are represented in Europe with very many kinds (over 4.000) and represent thus the largest group of the lamellas of basic mushrooms. The order of the (Russulales), those likewise for lamellas carry (above all and Milchlinge) is far less extensive.

Important distinguishers within the Agaricales are:

• Color of the Sporenpulvers
• Beginning of the lamellas
• Structure of the hat skin
• Kind of the Velums (sheath, ring, hat flakes, veils)
• chemical reactions of the Trama (the "meat") or the Sporen

Most well-known representatives under the food mushrooms are the Champignons (Agaricus spec.), Parasol (Macrolepiota procera) and Shiitake (Lentinula of edodes), under the toadstools the fly mushroom (Amanita muscaria) and the tuber sheet mushrooms (Amanita spec.).

Systematics

Following incomplete systematics are as far as possible ajar against the Dictionary OF the Fungi (see below with "literature") and the entries in the index Fungorum and contain the most important families and kinds within the order of the Agaricales.

Order: Sheet mushrooms (Agaricales)

• Family: Champignonartige (Agaricaceae)
  • Kind: Champignons, Egerlinge (Agaricus)
  • Kind: Egerlingsschirmpilze (Leucoagaricus)
  • Kind: Faltenschirmlinge (Leucocoprinus)
  • Kind: (Chlorophyllum)
  • Kind: (Cystoderma)
  • Kind: Mehlschirmlinge (Cystolepiota)
  • Kind: Riesenschirmlinge (Macrolepiota)
  • Kind: Schirmlinge (Lepiota)
  • Kind: Seidenschirmlinge (Sericeomyces)
  • Kind: Zwergschirmlinge (Melanophyllum)

• Family: Roof-mushroom-well-behaved (Pluteaceae)
  • Kind: Roof mushrooms (Pluteus)
  • Kind: Scheidlinge (Volvariella) after index Fungorum rank kinds counted to this family now also those in former times among the Amanitaceae:
  • Kind: Schleimschirmlinge (Limacella)
  • Kind: Wulstlinge (Amanita)
  • Kind: Australian (Amarrendia)

• Family: (Hydnangiaceae)
  • Kind: (Hydnangium carnea)
  • Kind: Lacktrichterlinge (Laccaria)

• Family: Club mushrooms (Clavariaceae)
  • Kind: Tube clubs (Macrotyphula)
    • High tube club (Macrotyphula fistulosa)

• dissolved: Family tuber-sheet-mushroom-well-behaved (Amanitaceae) was dissolved and their kinds Wulstlinge and Schleimschirmlinge is now the roof-mushroom-well-behaved to be added. This decision could not itself intersperse so far yet internationally.

• Family: Muck-mushroom-well-behaved (Bolbitiaceae)
  • Kind: Ackerlinge (Agrocybe)
  • Kind: (Hebeloma)
  • Kind: Muck mushrooms (Bolbitius)
  • Kind: (Conocybe)

• Family: Nestlingsartige (Nidulariaceae)
  • Kind: Nestlinge (Nidularia)
  • Kind: Teuerlinge (Cyathus)
  • Kind: Tiegelteuerlinge (Crucibulum)

• Family: Ritterlingsartige (Tricholomatacea)
  • Kind: (Gymnopus)
  • Kind: Ellerlinge (Camarophyllus)
  • Kind: Gabeltrichterlinge (Pseudoclitocybe)
  • Kind: (Xeromphalina)
  • Kind: (Tephrocybe)
  • Kind: Haarschwindlinge (Crinipellis)
  • Kind: Heftelnabelinge (Rickenella)
  • Kind: Helmlinge (Mycena)
  • Kind: Holzraslinge (Hypsizygus)
  • Kind: Holzritterlinge (Tricholomopsis)
  • Kind: Krempentrichterlinge (Leucopaxillus)
  • Kind: Lacktrichterlinge (Laccaria)
  • Kind: Shell lateral Inge, (Panellus)
  • Kind: Navel Inge (Omphalina)
  • Kind: Raslinge (Lyophyllum)
  • Kind: (Rhodocollybia)
  • Kind: Ritterlinge (Tricholoma)
  • Kind: and (Lepista)
  • Kind: (Collybia)
  • Kind: Saftlinge (Hygrocybe)
  • Kind: Scheinhelmlinge (
  Hemimycena)
• Kind: Schnecklinge (Hygrophorus)
• Kind: Beautiful heads (Calocybe)
• Kind: Trichterlinge (Clitocybe)
• Kind: Weichritterlinge (Melanoleuca)

• Family: (Entolomataceae)
  • Kind: Bitterlinge, Tellerlinge (Rhodocybe)
  • Kind: (Clitopilus)
  • Kind: (Entoloma)

• Family: Schleierlingsartige (Cortinariaceae)
  • Kind: (Gymnopilus)
  • Kind: (Flammulaster)
  • Kind: Haarschleierlinge (Cortinarius)
  • Kind: (Galerina)
  • Kind: Olivschnitzlinge (Simocybe)
  • Kind: Tear mushrooms (Inocybe)
  • Kind: (Crepidotus)
  • Kind: Schleierritterlinge (Leucocortinarius)
  • Kind: Trompetenschnitzlinge (Tubaria)
  • Kind: Wurzelschnitzlinge (Phaeocollybia)
  • Kind: Gypsy (mushrooms), hoar frost mushrooms (Rozites)

• Family: Schwindlingsartige (Marasmiaceae)
  • Kind: Astschwindlinge (Marasmiellus)
  • Kind: Gurkenschnitzlinge (Macrocystidia)
  • Kind: Hallima (Armillaria)
  • Kind: (Baeospora)
  • Kind: (Flammulina)
  • Kind: and (Oudemansiella)
  • Kind: Schwindlinge (Marasmius)
  • Kind: Shiitake (Lentinula)
  • Kind: Stinkschwindlinge (Micromphale)
  • Kind: (Strobilurus)

• Family: Seitlingsartige (Pleurotaceae)
  • Kind: Shell Inge (Hohenbuehelia)
  • Kind: Lateral Inge (Pleurotus)

• Family: (Schizophyllaceae)
  • Kind: (Schizophyllum)

• Family: (Lycoperdaceae)
  • Kind: Boviste (Bovista)
  • Kind: (Langermannia)
  • Kind: (Lycoperdon)

• Family: Tintlingsartige (Coprinaceae)
  • Kind: (Panaeolus)
  • Kind: Faserlinge (Psathyrella)
  • Kind: Seam mushrooms (Lacrymaria)
  • Kind: Tintlinge (Coprinus)

• Family: (Strophariaceae)
  • Kind: (Psilocybe)
  • Kind: (Pholiota)
  • Kind: Sulfur heads (Hypholoma)
  • Kind: (Kuehneromyces)
  • Kind: (Stropharia)

Related links

• At present about 30 families with the Agaricales after www.indexfungorum.org

Literature

• Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary OF the Fungi, 9th edition. Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2001. 624 sides ISBN 085199377X

Articles in category "Sheet mushrooms"

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