Swiss energy policy / Economics (Switzerland)

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History

Beginnings

At the beginning of 20. Century arose in Switzerland the first energy problems. Current export had increased strongly and the power stations develops the lines after own needs. Thus problems and one surrendered demanded therefore an office for energy on federal level. 1930 were provided "the Swiss federal office for electricity supply industry ". In the sixties the tasks of this office were extended to the ranges by oil and natural gas. The tasks were however still closely limited. No correct policy could be operated, which could have affected the future. With the oil crises in the seventies it became clear that a more comprehensive energy policy was necessary.

The GEK

So that the federation could operate an energy policy, legal bases were necessary. In addition "the Swiss federal commission was used for the total energy conception (GEK) ", which had to formulate first once the goals of the Swiss energy policy. From this resulted the energy saving, the energy research and taking precautions as main means for the reaching of the goals. Afterwards the GEK provided a Federal Constitution article, which was accepted after a second approach 1990. Since that time this article is registered in the condition as articles 89 with the heading "energy policy ".

Energy 2000

After a popular vote the scheme ran "energy 2000 "since 1990 to 2000. The goals of this program were mainly the reduction of the consumption of not renewable energies and the CO2-Emissionen. Further goals were absorbing the electricity consumption and the promotion of the renewable energies. These goals were quantified, thus expressed in figures. For the reaching of the goals on freiwillige measures, energy-political dialogues with the concerning and on financial support by the federation one set. This scheme showed effect, needed however stronger measures for the reaching of the goals.

Energy law and CO2-Gesetz

On 1 January 1999 the energy law and the energy regulation came into force. Since that time the law serves for the economic and environmentalcompatible energy production, for the economical energy use and for the promotion of native and renewable energies.

On the 1. May 2000 came into force the CO2-Gesetz. This law belongs rather to the climatic politics. It specifies obligatory goals for the reduction of the CO2-Austosses.

Present energy policy

Atomic door debate

Lately particularly debated in Europe the atomic door, so also in Switzerland. Some countries even already decided the door. In Switzerland the majority is still against the door, although there are many atomic opponents. This position Swiss of the people was again once clarified, as to 18. May 2003 the people initiative were rejected "moratorium pluses "with 58.4% and the initiative "river without atom "with 66.3%. Thus one will in the immediate future not step out of the atomic energy.

Opening of the electricity market

Up to now current market still the monopolistic position of the current offerers in Swiss, which means, prevails that private ones cannot select the current offerer. At present the current supply law (StromVG) is sketched, which makes a market opening possible if it steps into force.

Energy Switzerland

"Energy Switzerland "is the follow-up program of "energy 2000 "and runs from 2000 to 2010. The goals of this program are similar as those of the forerunner. This mark is however more strongly attacked the conversion still. As support serve the energy and the CO2-Gesetz. In addition, one wants to strengthen the co-operation of state organs and the consumers. Apart from the quantified goals one wants to embody also still energy consciousness in the population. The problems of the realization of the goals lie less in the technical than much more in the economic and political range.

"Energy city"

With the "carrier association energy city" was assigned an independent commission in the life called which for "realized or decided select energy-political measures" its label "energy city". The label recognizes an result-oriented and consistent energy policy. At present so far 128 energy cities were distinguished with the label, whose together 2,2 million inhabitant Swiss population constitute approximately 30%.

In the future

Even in further future the Swiss energy policy wants to pursue the basic goals of the both energy programs. One can summarize the goals in four points:

Supply security (no more foreign dependence as as possible)
Environmental compatibility (fewer greenhouse gases and radioactive waste)
Restaurant economics (energy costs should be affordable)
Social compatibility (country-wide conditions resemble during the power supply)

If one would aim at these goals firmly, then one would have to abolish the sources of energy oil, uranium and natural gas most meaning at present. From it however a large power supply problem would result, if one did not have sufficient alternative energies. The sources of energy, which would become these goals fairly (water power, sunning and wind energy), after today's knowledge hardly the Potenzial to have of guaranteeing the remaining power supply - at least in Switzerland not.

There are however hopes for new energies, like hydrogen in the gas cell, Geothermie and nuclear fusion.