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Susanna Margaretha Brandt (* 8 February 1746 in Frankfurt/Main, "† 14 January 1772 ebenda (executed)) was a Frankfurt farm servant, who killed its newborn child and as model for the in its fist served Goethe.
Susanna Margaretha Brandt was born as an eighth child of a soldier and buildup as an orphan. She worked as a service farm servant for everything at the widow farmer in the Frankfurt lodging "to the Einhorn ". Three or four weeks before Christmas 1770 it could be enticed by an gold-forgingassociated from Holland, which on the journey as a guest in the lodging had descended. According to its later statement it had invited it to the wine and had done to her with beautiful words flattered, possibly also a powder into the wine, because "it was it zumute so strangely become, it could not themselves have had any longer erwehren, the devil must its hand in the play ".
After few days the Goldschmied had further-pulled to Russia. Susanna Margaretha Brandt knew the exact name still another address from it neither. Their pregnancy concealed it before its two sisters and its Wirtin, although these drew already soon suspicion. She worked further from morning till night. A physician, whom she visited, when their was missing "cleaning ", used up it dte. From the pregnancy he did not notice anything.
To four weeks before the Niederkunft went it on urge of the other women to a further physician. Also these noticed nothing of the fact that it was more schwanger in the sieved month. On 31 July it was struck in the by nausea and violent stomach ache. The widow farmer cooked dte for it and threatened it at the same time with the dismissal. Concealing of a pregnancy or a secret Niederkunft was threatened at that time with punishment.
In the evening 1 of August 1771 it brought a boy in the to the world. It was a fall birth, the child fell with the head in front on the stone soil. She stated later that it had only briefly. Into panic it reached with the left hand after its neck and it with the right by the face scratched; then it hid it in the stable to the Staufenmauer behind the house.
In the morning-grey with the opening of the city gates it fled over most to Mainz, where it had to sell their Ohrringe, in order to be able to pay the market ship and the lodging. Perfectly without means and weakly it returned on the next day to Frankfurt. At the Bockenheimer gate was arrested it by the guard and brought into the prison in the Katharinenpforte beside the Katharinenkirche. In the evening 3 of August one created it from there into the hospital.
Five days later one excavated the body of the child. When one submitted it to it, she broke down and confessed: "Mr. Jesus, that is my child, I hand to it put ". After preparation met the court of 8. until 12 October 1771 in Romans. The criminal procedure took place after custom at that time without verbal negotiation. On 12 October the first death sentence was issued, afterwards had its defender Marcus Augustus Schaaf time to the written final speech. On 7 January 1772 the judgement was confirmed; it was expressed in death by the sword; a request for grace was already rejected on the next day.
On 14 January against 10 o'clock was led in the morning the condemned one on the scaffold at the police headquarters, where the executioner Johann Hoffmann at the arranging chair waited for it. "The executioner led the Maleficantin with the hand after the chair, put it down on it, lashed it in zweyen place at the chair, the neck and head, and under steady acclamations of the Mr. Geistlichen you were lucky set off by a caper the head. "
The 335 sides strong process document (Criminalia 1771, No. 62) is in Institut for urban history received. Also shears, which is corpus delicti, with which Brandt is to have mutilated the corpse of their child, in the document asserviert.
Johann Wolfgang Goethe had locked and worked straight its study of the rights at this time from August 1771 until May 1772 as an attorney in its father city. It was personally good with many direct process-taken part admits and experienced the whole process also. The clerk of the court Johann Heinrich Thym had been nine years long a house teacher Johann of wolf course and its sister Cornelia. Goethe's friend and later brother-in-law fitter was at this time secretary of the executioner. The two physicians, who treated Susanna Margaretha Brandt in the hospital, were family doctors the Goethe and the Textors. Of Goethe, under, it relatives further, its uncle Johann Jost Textor, belonged to the court.
Goethe let himself be made by the Kanzlisten Liebholdt copies of the process documents. It was so deeply impressed of the history of the Brandtin that the tragedy becomes around the Gretchen a central motive of the Urfaust. Still in Prosa written the scene in the dungeon, the oldest part of the Urfaust, developed probably already short time after Margarethes execution.
In the public the process had moved the mind. The strict procedure of the advice did not find everywhere applause, particularly since Brandts defender specified mitigating circumstances in its final speech a great deal. It was confused and desperate; whether the child lived at all, is questionable. It proved to the medical consultants that they had already judged in earlier cases wrongly. At all the child was an eight-monthly child, and these are as well known only rarely
The advice did not let itself be impressed however by the final speech. Goethe took position, but reported only in scarce, in seal and truth to the procedure not reserved form: "Soon a discovered large crime, its investigation and punishment set the city on many weeks in unrest. "
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