State tobacco monopoly / Luxury goods manufacturer

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The state tobacco monopoly (after the war Austria of tobacco works) were up to the European Union entry owners of the Austrian monopoly on cultivation, processing and selling of tobacco and tobacco goods.

History

Prehistory

A tendency for monopolizing gave it in have-castle-reaches already in the early oh tenth century. Around 1700 therefore the cultivation of tobacco was forbidden outside by back gardens. Starting from 1723 cultivation licenses were necessary and the free sales were forbidden. 1764 issued Maria Theresia a monopoly on Austria (i.e. upper and Lower Austria, see inside Austria), which left her to a private society.

Establishment

1784 were created the Austrian state tobacco monopoly under Joseph II. as carrier of a monopoly on all Austrian countries. This was among other things for the supply by disabled ex-service men was thought, those during the dispatching of the wear places preferred (Trafik for simple soldiers, wholesale for officers). Besides also innocently become impoverished officials were supplied in this way. This monopoly weakened on the one hand the situation of the tobacco farmers, on the other hand one it gave them in crisis periods security.

19. Century

The private cultivation became in 19. Century to a large extent back-pushed, it was only accepted in limited quantities the cultivation of farmer tobacco, which was not by its worse quality threat for the monopoly. Documented a such formal permission for the farmers of the upper Inn valley 1848-1860.

1850 were expanded the monopoly on the Hungarian thus shifted the direction also gradually the majority of their cultivation into these countries with its milder Klima.1864 the first direction cigarettes were turned, with the rising need ascended tobacco to the most important colonial imported good. The second important product during the late monarchy were Virginier.

20. Century

With the end of the First World War the direction lost the majority of its cultivation area and its Fabriken.1939 the direction into an AG was changed, whose exclusive owner became after the Second World War the Republic of Austria. In the course its was renamed the company in Austria of tobacco works, the mark direction is led however until today. In the direct post-war period again the self-cultivation flowered due to the general poverty and the foreign exchange shortage; one waited the cultivation of 25 Stauden farmer tobacco per person.

1979 civilobstructed into the circle in the Trafikvergabe preferred persons taken up.

In the nineties-years the executive committee at that time got involved in the purchase of the group of htm (Head, Tyrolia, Mares), from which one had to again separate however soon.

With the European Union entry cuts took place into the monopoly:

The cultivation was subject to the European Union market regulations.
The Produktionsmonopol remained existing, however its meaning lost because of the case of the import prohibition and the small Austrian cultivated areas.
Import and wholesale monopoly fell.
The retail trade monopoly remained existing, transfer however with 1 June 1996 of Austria tobacco to the again-created monopoly administration GmbH.

The tobacco works were part-denationalized 1997 over the stock exchange. They quite successfully accepted their new role as a competitor under many: The own marks could be established abroad. One transferred the selling of international marks (for instance of Phillip Morris) also in other countries. Over Tobaccoland one had a support leg in the German market.

21. Century

2001 were sold the remaining state portion of the ATW at Gallaher. In the same course Gallaher the buying up of most remaining shares succeeded. The ATW thereupon to the branch of Continental Europe (Continental euro PE division, CED) of the new nut/mother company developed.