A standard ware is a federation of two or several cities on the principle of the equal rights and self-government of the partners for mutual political and economic stabilization. City federations became predominantly in 13. Jh. production. They had a crucial contribution apart from military large legal authority and carried out to the emancipation of the middle class of the supremacy of the aristocracy.

Individual city federations attained besides a high measure of power and became thus an important economic as well as political factor, which had to be considered by the respective ruler.

Important city federations

Starting from that 12. Century

• 1183: Lombardi standard ware
• standard ware
• 1246: Saxonian standard ware
• 1246: standard ware
• 1254-1257: Rheini standard ware: 70 German cities between Luebeck, Aachen, Zurich and Regensburg
• 1291: Swiss Confederation - instead of cities first only three forest place or also places, and/or conditions, late cantons

Starting from that 14. Century

• 1346-1815: Oberlausitzer six-standard ware under the guidance of Bautzen - most durable standard ware in today's Germany; Reestablishment: 1991
• 1356-1669: the Hanse (although the most well-known standard ware is supposed the suitability of the designation in the research in the meantime disputed)
• 1376-1381: Swabian standard ware: 14 Swabian cities under the guidance of Ulm
• 1381: Second Rheini standard ware around the cities Frankfurt, Mainz, Worms, Speyer and Strasbourg
• 1381-1389: South German standard ware
• 1488: Swabian federation a standard ware do not separate condition federation, there beside the realm cities very strong weight the South German of the territorial gentlemen, Tirol and smaller rule (mountain, prince mountain, forest castle, Zollern etc.), as well as realm knights

Today's counterparts

In 20. Century created city day and city federations (e.g. the 1915 created Austrian standard ware) represent the interests of the participating cities in relation to the federation and federal state governments (see major item local central association).

A further new form of "city federations "are international partnership between cities rings (e.g. Ravensburg - - Rivoli, which was received among themselves in each case partnerships between cities) or working groups for the economics, tourism and culture promotion like the European group "new city in Europe "with 34 members. Also historical city federations were revived for similar goals, about 1991 the Oberlausitzer six-standard ware.

Articles in category "Standard ware"

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