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Spare part supply is a business, technical and organizational task, to which manufacturers of long-lived consumer durables and capital goods have to dedicate themselves. Spare part supply does not take place at short-lived goods usually or only very reduced.
The Sicherstellung of the Ersatzteilversogung is not in the technical range a task of the management which can be underestimated. Downtimes and loss of machines and manufacturing equipment by or only with large temporal delay procuring spare parts in production or assembly of enterprises cannot affect the entrepreneurial success considerably with.
Under normal conditions it is expected that spare parts are approx. ten years long after running out the production of consumer durables in the trade available.
A spare part supply is not planned, if the technical development suggests the fact that comparable objects in substantially higher efficiency to to resemble or smaller prices will be in the future available. Examples for this: Computer, microprocessors, memory chips.
A spare part supply presupposes to organize production a storekeeping, and a distribution into those sales areas, in which a long-lived property was used. The spare part supply can be a high-ranking interest of enterprise, among other things because of the sales value attainable herein. Also the amounts covered are normally higher than with the new business. With many capital goods the manufacturers are forced to sell at extremely low price. Then it applies to include with, in which extent could possibly develop from the enterprise of the Investitionsgutes long-term yield at spare parts, whose price structuring could overcompensate a loss with the new sales possibly far.
Since this effect is however not unknown also among customers, it also, already is it is against-steered via one with the sales obligation of the supplier which can be entered to the future spare parts supply on the basis determined price lists, or is it, as customers set on the development of a secondary market, which over-on-boardends possible yield expectations of a manufacturer an absorber create can (e.g. in the automobile industry).
The spare part business can be integrated into the new business, or as more or less independent unit to be business operated and counted, is it than "Business unit ", or is it than independent enterprise.
Every now and then the manufacturers of new goods separate completely from the spare part supply of older products and leave both the stocks at spare parts for older goods and the information necessary for the preparation (designs and parts lists) specialized companies. Also there is such service of companies, which specialized in maintenance and repair of expensive machines and plants of gone down manufacturers (example: Machine tools).
Particularly in capital goods marketing a functioning spare part supply of short response times and one knows thought out spare part logistics also a large contribution for the differentiation of the competition to be and so also the new business positively affect.
With the sales of long-lived capital goods (e.g. in the equipment construction) mostly with the new plant on the part of the customers by the plant offerer equal lists to provide are called in, and the if necessary deferred supply of the flatable spare parts (for wear) on several years equal with the purchase along-agrees upon.
With industrial plants frequently the delivery allocations over subcontractors represent a problem. Example: an equipment construction customer wishes a large mill to establish as the second plant beside before ten years the supplied first plant. Together with the new plant an extensive spare part package is to be provided for both plants. That can become exciting: every now and then the old electrical engines no more are in same execution available. Or the manufacturer of the transmissions is unable to build after the old designs again a same transmission. Then is often redesigned, in order to bring both the old and the new plant on newer and to each other compatible conditions, because the customer would like to be well equipped (understandably) with a sentence spare parts for a possible loss both the existing and the new plant.
With the purchase of an automobile it is flatable that tires, clutch, brakes, exhaust wear and that service products (like oil filters) are needed. The buyer, who includes the costs of the purchase of spare parts equal into its purchase decision, is intelligently advised. Over some years of the initial market success of Japanese vehicles in Germany it was to be e.g. observed that spare parts, every now and then which can be referred only by the manufacturers (e.g. body parts or engine components) the double price level like the German mass manufacturers exhibited. Plausibly to justify often with high transport costs tried"Â .
The vehicle manufacturers go by today e.g. in their organization that for the service and the Ersatzteilhaltung of very old vehicles own old timer units are created, with partly corresponding prices of the spare part supply. One should inquire however, how conditions are. Prejudices are not always correct over high costs. Partially one can be only surprised, to what fair conditions parts to buy is. Every now and then original spare parts are even both more inexpensive and qualitatively better and "the Second SOURCE "- market of Nachbauern (typically is like that with old English vehicles).
With difficulty it can become with the spare part supply for components, which do not become defective "normally ", or whose starting materials are not for a long time already any longer produced. Here the chrome is mentioned as example with vehicles: Chrome parts, above all the interior equipment, like trim at the doors, are almost not available with some old vehicles and at tremendously high prices are partly acted. Another example are finishing techniques, which for a long time already became extinct, like applications of the Kadmierens, or handling mechanical injection pumps. The most expensive regular spare part could be the eight-cylinder injection pump for Mercedes 600 the 1970er years: 40,000 euro. Every now and then then substitute solutions become necessarily. , Where in former times became cadmium-plated, one must chromium-plate then.
The supply of qualitatively high-quality spare parts for vehicles and other technical mechanisms (e.g. generation of current) is often extremely with difficulty, lengthy and expensive in the countries of the third world, since often a logistic basis in the individual countries and be made thus the import does not have to have the manufacturers by third countries.
Often defects at old machines are trips for extensive changes on partial modernized conditions. Example: in former times, until approx. 1970, machine tools, like centre lathes, were built milling machines or production machines only with poured machine racks. That became too expensive nowadays. If now an old machine suffers a gearbox trouble, then the old drive can be often diminished better completely and be replaced by a modern CNC drive with electronic control. Then it is still in the core old a machine, but with possibly even better characteristics than newer machines, which have the racks as welded structures. There are partly producing enterprises, which buy consciously old, inexpensive machines, to let reequip in order it when the occurrence first defects under maintains the old racks on new technology around so to the possession of a modern, efficient machine with "old "casting technology and their advantages (i.w. To come oscillation poverty).
Such "spare part supply "is however already highly specialized engineering. It concerns then a package achievement out of engineering, new partial deliveries as well as assembly.
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