Sochumi (abchasisch Georgian /Suchumi and/or the capital of the autonomous Republic of Abchasien is Russian in Georgien. It has 81,546 inhabitants (conditions 1 January 2005). The city is in the west of the country because of the black sea. It was an important port, a railway knot and an important subtropical health resort. Its were used since Roman times.

History

In 6. Century v. Chr. on the area of the today's Sochumi the Greek colony Dioscurias (Dioskurias) was created. After the legend the twins Castor and Pollux put the foundation-stone. In the Roman and Byzantine Imperium the city was well-known as Sebastopolis.

Under osmanischer rule she was called Suchum , also Soghum Kala and to the fortress was developed. In 19. Century changed Sochumi the owner several times. 1810 fell the city at Russia, however only 1829 in peacetime from Adrianopel from Turkey were retired, received magazines and a Bazar. 1854 were hasty vacated it by the Russians during approximation of an English-French flotilla, destroyed partly and by ABC hares, which up-planted the Turkish flag. In September 1855 Omer pasha with a osmanischen corps landed and began from there from operations against Tiflis. In May 1877 the city was occupied again by the Osmani realm, but vacated in September again and burned by the ABC hares. 1879 had the city of 1,947 inhabitants.

To 4. May 1921 was conquered Sochumi by the Red Army. In Soviet time the place developed to the white city at the sea, a Sommerparadies with exclusive hotels, a lively artist scene. The city was multi-cultural. Nine different languages were spoken. It at the same time accommodated institutes of the Russian, later Soviet academy for sciences, under it the famous ape breed station, and, from 1945 to 1954, which of Manfred von Ardenne in Berlin created research laboratory for electron physics, in which at the development of the Soviet atom bomb one researched.

1992 to 1994 became the city a center of the Guerillakampfes between Georgian military and abchasischen and Chechnian partisans, which led to the splitting off Abchasiens from Georgien. To the income Sochumis by the partisans on 27 September 1993 came it to massacres at the Georgian civilian population, which was finally completely driven out. One the responsible persons for the war crimes at the civilian population in Sochumi was the later terrorist Schamil Bassajew, which befehligte at that time a tschetschnische unit and was a deputy abchasischer Secretary of Defense. Greek and Jewish inhabitants fled abroad. Sochumi lost its earlier restaurant and science functions to a large extent. The Strandpromenade, which Rustawelis Gamsiri resembles, a landscape of devastation, in the port lies abgewrackte, rusty ships.

See also: List of the cities in Georgien

Articles in category "Sochumi"

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