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Service designates an achievement, which does not serve the production of a material property in the economical demarcation or to which material value of the achievement goal is not the center of attention. Thus it is assigned to the tertiary sector. The primary production (primary sector) and the production of industrial goods (secondary sector) are to be distinguished from it.
Services are furnished from a natural person or a legal entity or an authority to one time or within a time framework. In the broadest sense also achievements, which are carried out e.g. free of charge in the household, or such among the services, which one furnishes for itself, rank. Economicalally to be seized and as part of the national product be proven however only services, which can be evaluated at least over market prices.
From economical view a service is differentiated from the contribution of equipment. The service is not storable, rarely transferable of the service) and needs an external factor (integration of the external factor). The production and the consumption of the service fall usually temporally together (UN actu principle).
Services are in their result predominantly immaterial, can however material components contain, for example a carrier medium, on which the result is handed over to the service. One calls the quality of the service or service quality. By the it can come thereby to problems with the measurement of the service quality. Additionally to the achievement result of a service attains in particular the achievement creation process (integration of of the external factor) as well as the Leistungspotenzial (e.g. appearance and authority of the management consultant) at meaning. All three so-called "achievement dimensions" are also included into the evaluation of the service quality. Avedis Donabedian: The definition OF quality and Approaches ton of Its Asessment. Exploration in quality Assesmment and monitoring. Volume I, Ann Arbor, 1980
Services are differentiated into standardized and individual services. Characteristic from standardized services is that the achievement for a fictitious average customer is provided. The individual service is provided however for a concrete individual. The degree of the participation (degree of integration) of the customer is higher with individual services.
The demarcation between contribution of equipment and serving is in the long run flowing. Thus service components in Business ton Businessmarketing, for example in the machine and equipment construction, attain strengthened at meaning (e.g.: Consultation, Teleservice). In addition, in the carry service components for intensified differentiation and thus for the acquisition of competition advantages with (e.g. paragraph financing of Hifi electronics or PKW's). Last such service components cannot be purchase crucial and be promoted thus to the main part of the product.
Therefore increasingly the attempt is given up to distinguish services from contributions of equipment. Christian Homburg; Harley Krohmer: Marketing management. Strategy - instruments - conversion - management. Wiesbaden 2003, S. 809ff all paragraph objects are understood here as achievement bundles, whose achievement result is on the one hand rather materially or immaterial, the achievement creation process rather autonomously or integrativ pronounced. A such understanding permits a differentiated conception of the paragraph-political equipment Werner Hans Engelhardt; Michael Kleinaltenkamp; Martin Achievement bundle as paragraph objects. A beginning for the overcoming of the dichotomy of special and services. Magazine for economical research (zfbf), 45. Jg., No. 5, 1993, P. 395-426
It concerns here services of enterprises, which manufacture only services and no material goods, like e.g. laundries, towing-services etc.
These are offered by enterprises, which manufacture also material goods apart from the services, like vehicle manufacturers, or producers of capital goods.
Producers use the offer of additional services increasingly, in order to differentiate itself from their competitors to, e.g. by the offer of financings to akquirieren advisory activities etc. and in this way additional customers.
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A criticism of the service term and the foreign trade categories by the example of the globalization discussion]
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