Samuel Thomas von Soemmerring - also - (* 28 January 1755 in the Hanseatic city Thorn in Prussia, today Poland; "† 2. March 1830 in Frankfurt/Main) was a physician (Anatom), Anthropologe, paleontologist and inventor. Soemmerring discovered "the yellow mark "in the retina of the human eye. Its investigations on the brain and the nervous system, on the sensory organs, over the embryos and its deformations, on the building of the lungs, on the breaks etc. made him one the most important German Anatomen.

Career/development

Samuel Thomas Soemmerring was the ninth child of the physician Johann Thomas Soemmerring. 1774 it terminated the education in Thorn and began as medicine at the University of Goettingen to study. 1778 he became a doctor of the medicine. It became 1779 professor of anatomy at the Kasseler Collegium Carolinum. Member of the royally British society of the sciences in Kassel and coworker of the scholarly announcements". Starting from 1784 at the University of Mainz professor. There it was five years directors/conductors of the medical faculty and was promoted 1788 to the yard advice and body physician. In the same year he became in London Freimaurer. 1779 it became member of the Loge "the crowned lion" in Kassel and 1780 with the name "Marmessos" director of the Kasseler of rose cruiser circle. Likewise it was a member of the Illuminatenordens and friend of George Forster, whose admission is not perfectly clarified in the Illuminatenorden until today. Soemmering praised Johann Gottfried Herder, a Illuminaten, and its work ideas for the philosophy of the history of mankind (Riga 1784-91, 4 volumes), where he was praising mentioned. In the year 1795 opened it a practice as a practical physician in Frankfurt/Main. As one of its many important enterprises Soemmerring introduced against many resistances the inoculation against smallpox and became initial member of the Senckenbergi nature-searching society. It received offers of the University of Jena and pc. Petersburg, however did 1804 take a call to the Academy of Sciences in Munich on. There he was raised Pfalzbayri yard advice and 1808 into the nobility. In the year 1810 it became secret advice.

Already in the year 1778 it had described the organization of the cranial nerves in its doctor work: its study has to today validity. It published many writings in the field medicine, anatomy and neuro anatomy, likewise in anthropology, paleontology, astronomy, physics and philosophy and was an opponent Schellings. Among other things it wrote over primeval times crocodiles and Flugsaurier.

Furthermore Soemmerring designed a telescope to the sky observation and 1809 an electrical telegraph, with which the indications should be given by galvanic decomposition of water (a model is today in Frankfurt/Main in the museum for communication). He worked over the refinement of the wine, over designs, which form with the corrosion of the meteor iron on the same, over the sunspots and much different one. 1811 it developed the first Telegrafensystem in Bavaria, which is issued today in the German museum in Munich.

Soemmerring and his Mrs. Margarethe Elizabeth Grunelius (deceased 1802) had a son Dietmar William and a daughter Susanne Katharina. Due to the weather Soemmerring left 1820 Munich and pulled back to Frankfurt/Main. It was a member of the Guelphenordens. In the year 1830 he deceased there and on Frankfurt main cemetery was buried. After Soemmerring a road is in Frankfurt northends designated.

Works

• Over the physical difference of the Mohren of the European (1774
• Of brain and back Mark (Mainz 1788, 2. Aufl. 1792);
• Of the building of the human body (Frankfurt/Main 1791-96, 6 Bde. ; 2. Aufl. 1800; new Aufl. of Bischoff, Henle among other things, Leipzig 1839-45, 8 Bde.);
• De corporis humani fabrica (Frankfurt/Main 1794-1801, 6 Bde.);
• De morbis vasorum absorbentium corporis humani " (Frankfurt/Main 1795);
• Tabula sceleti feminini (Frankfurt/Main 1798);
• Illustrations of the human eye (Frankfurt/Main 1801),
• the human (Frankfurt/Main 1806),
• the human organ of the taste and the voice (Frankfurt/Main 1806),
• the human organs of the smell (1809).

Soemmerrings exchange of letters with George Forster became from Hettner (Braunschw. 1878) given change. See R. Wagner, life and traffic with contemporary (Leipzig 1844).

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