The Rothschilds was in 19. Century one of the most influential banker families and the most important Finanziers of the European states.

Mayer Amschel Rothschild

Mayer Amschel farmer (* 23 February 1744; "† 19 September 1812 in Frankfurt/Main) was the founder of the Rothschilddynastie. Its father, Moses Amschel farmer, was a moving exchange broker and Goldschmied, who had established themselves in Frankfurt/Main in the Frankfurt Jew lane, in order to open in the year 1750 a business for and textile trade as well as exchange of money and Goldschmiede.

Mayer Amschel had begun few years after the death of its father as a bank assistant with the banking house Oppenheimer in Hanover, where he was promoted in the following years rapidly to the junior partner. After the return to Frankfurt and the assumption of the business of his father, farmer called itself from now on Mayer Amschel Rothschild. Its father had attached in former times a red sign before the house in the Jew lane.

Around the year 1760 Rothschild attached business relations to the Hofe of Hanau. On 21 September 1769 the banker could attach therefore the desired plaque with the coat of arms of Hessen Hanau and the inscription M.A. Rothschild, yard supplier of his Ehrlauchten sovereignty, hereditary prince Wilhelm of Hessen, count von Hanau before its business.

On 29 August 1770 Rothschild Gutele Schnaper married (* 23 August 1753; "† 7. May 1849), with which he got five daughters and five sons (Amschel, Salomon, Nathan, Kalman and the Jakobs). 1780 it acquired the famous house in the Jew lane, which served it from now on as enterprise seat.

William I. (1743-1821), since 1803 cure prince of Hessen Kassel, was one of the richest rulers of Europe and also one of the most important money lenders on the continent (its father, Friedrich II land count von Hessen-Kassel, put the foundation-stone for it by letting of subjects as a mercenary to other European rulers).

1801 were appointed Mayer Amschel by William I the hoping actuator. In the years 1802, 1803, 1804 he drew his first government loans with the Danish yard over 10 million gulden.

It attached close contacts to the most important financial adviser of the prince, Carl Buderus. During the napoleonischen foreign rule Buderus captivated the French general lying rank, in order to be able to secure securities over 15 million Taler for the cure prince.

By its Mayer Amschel of established banking houses outdid and achieved good contacts to Buderus and the which stayed from 1806 to 1813 in the Danish exile, the exclusive responsibility for the securities and bills payable of the cure prince. With the bankers Lennap and Lawatz he drove interest in completely Europe and could with him surrendered money to speculate.

Starting from 1807/1808 it could invest the funds also freely in Great Britain, this task took over its son Nathan.

Like innumerable others, also the postal monopolyist prince of Thurn and taxi of Rothschild could be captivated and informed it about contents of important letters. The following anecdote illustrates the balance of power: Rothschild works on the desk and says to the occurring prince: "Taking it itself a chair. "After some minutes the visitor pushes: "I am the prince of Thurn and taxis! "On it Rothschild: "Property, you take to stop of two chairs. "Of Thurn and taxis Rothschild learned the value of fast, reliable information to estimate and furnished its own courier service. After Napoleons' defeat with Waterloo disbursed itself in million-gains to the Londoner stock exchange: Nathan Rothschild was informed hours before the government.

Briefly before its death, in the year 1812, Mayer Amschel became by a regulation, which the Frankfurt protection Jews placed to the remaining citizen, member of the Wahlcollegiums in Frankfurt. (1814 were cancelled again the regulation).

After death Mayer Amschels (1812) wrote Metternichs secretary: "You are usual ignorant Jews of substantial exterior. But they are talented with a remarkable instinct, to select which correct ones and of two correct ones the better. They are the richest people in Europe. "

In the following decades the Rothschilds ennobled in the meantime financed industries, railways and the building of the Suez channel. With a special system of government loans they made the French government more independent of tax grants of the parliament. With the arising of large-scale industry and joint-stock banks the Bankimperium of the Rothschilds at meaning lost.

Its will wrote he few days before his death. It contained a strict regulation, as the exempt private company was to be led:

• All key positions are to be occupied with family members.
• In business only male family members may participate.
• The oldest son of the oldest son should be family head, as far as the majority of the family does not decide differently.
• The family is to marry itself among themselves with its cousins and cousins of first and second degree.
• There is not to be a legal stocktaking and no publication of the fortune.

The first generation

Rothschilds of five sons took over the banking transactions of the father. While Amschel Mayer remained in the principal firm in Frankfurt, the other sons opened branches in Vienna, London, Paris and Neapel.

Amschel Mayer Rothschild (* 1773; "† 1855) transferred the principal firm after the death of its father to Frankfurt/Main. Frankfurt remained general meeting place of the family.

Salomon Rothschild (* 1774; "† 1855) opened a bank in Vienna to 1821. It granted among other things a loan over 900,000 guldens to the Austrian state. State States of Metternich and the house having castle were obligated to it thereby. It became the most important finances the Austrian state and one of the largest basic owners. The Viennese bank existed up to the connection of Austria to the German Reich 1938.

Nathan Mayer Rothschild (* 1777; "† 1836) went between 1790 and 1800 as a textile buyer to Manchester. 1808 it creates the bank N.M. Rothschild & Sons in London, which successfully work this very day. Nathan invested William soldier money in gold of the eastIndian society, which for later campaigns Wellingtons was needed. By the purchase and resale of Wellington shares, the sales and buy-back of the gold to Wellington, its dispatch to Portugal and smuggling during the continental barrier he gained a became the most influential finances the British government. By means of an efficient news service he knew before the prime minister of the exit of the battle with Waterloo, whereupon he sold his shares. The investors believed, it was in the possession of information about a British defeat, why they followed it when selling the shares. After the courses of the securities had sunk into the cellar, it bought them and carried the full improvement in prices forward, which the message of the victory of the British brought with itself.

Kalman Rothschild (* 1788; "† 1855) went into Salomons order 1821 to Neapel. There it had to supervise finances of the Austrian troops. It opened the sizillianische Rothschilddepandance, which existed however only until 1863. Kalman called itself late Carl Mayer of Rothschild.

Jakob Rothschild (*1792; "† 1868) were the youngest of the brothers. It went 1812 to Paris and established there Rothschild to one of the first bank addresses and called themselves from now on James de Rothschild. As an advisor of two French kings he became a most influential banker of the country. In the following wars under Napoleon, he played an important role with the financing of the railways and the mine's building, which helped France thereby, an industrial power to become. 1983 were put under state control the bank by the government Mitterrands. Since this time there is the smaller Rothschild & Cie Banque there.

On 11 July 1824 married Rothschild in Frankfurt/Main Betty Salomon de Rothschild, who daughter of its brother, Salomon Rothschild, with which he had five children.

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