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The German police is responsible for the maintenance of internal security. They represent the legal order as executive. Major tasks of the German police are the danger warning (prevention) and the prosecution (repression).
One differentiates between police of the Lands of the Federal Republic and the federation. The latter consists of federal police, Federal Criminal Investigation Office, tariff, field hunters as military police of the German Federal Armed Forces and the police with the German Bundestag.
In the principle the competence always lies with the countries. The police regulations refer in the principle to the model draft of a uniform police regulation. Federal powers must be regulated by the Basic Law expressly.
There is defined clear demarcation between the tasks and powers of land and federal police in Germany one by the Basic Law. The interference powers of the police are regulated for the range of the danger warning by the police regulations of the countries and by the code of criminal procedure (prosecution).
During the prosecution the police is subject to the legality principle, which obligates it to the clearing-up and pursuit of criminal offences.
The proportionateness principle gives her only a clearance with the intensity of the investigating activity, in particular if a criminal offence suspicion concretized itself not yet sufficiently. As the police intervenes, can lie in the obligation-in accordance with-eaten discretion of the authority. Besides the can affect an acting of the police in the irregularity right. Within the criminal range the police acts thereby possibly on behalf the public prosecutor's office as a determination person of the public prosecutor's office.
Employment emphasis of the police can be determined to that extent not only by legal defaults, but also by the decisions of the political point of the police authority (instructions), particularly with the An example for this is the change in the policy of the fight of the drug scene to Hamburg main station. From a generous handling of the powers on a zero tolerance similar displacement strategy one changed at short notice.
1903 were adjusted Henriette Arendt in Stuttgart as a first police woman of Germany.
The slogan "the police - your friend and aid "serve this very day as Slogan the police. It possibly decreases/goes back to American forerunners and at the latest by 1926 a given speech Carl Severings (SPD), the last democratically legitimized Prussian Minister of the Interior, was established. Severing worked at that time on a republican Polizeiethos, as it belongs today to the self understanding of the German police. The expression "friend and aid" is brought often falsely with Heinrich Himmler in connection and applies in many places therefore more or less undeservedly than discredited.
Into the 1950er years in West Germany about 90% of the officials of the third realm were re-integrated. This predominantly concerned the police.
In Germany the police nature, like nearly everywhere three-divided into Europe, developed. It gave the local police in large cities (including Kriminalpolizei), that to cities, municipalities and districts to delegate gendarmes, to that historically as a military member in the context of the Prussian official right to see is and the national police. In Prussia the police became after that 1. World war of the administrative lawyer and later undersecretary of state Dr. Wilhelm Abegg organizes again. Abegg is considered thereby as the founders of the modern German police.
In the third realm already very early (in the middle of the 1930er) the police was centralized on the realm capital Berlin.
The task of the fire-brigade was regarded as specialpolice task. It was extracted from the municipalities and assigned to the order police. The fire-brigade went thereafter as a fire-extinguishing police into action. From this assumption also the green painted fire-fighting vehicles with black wheel housings and white inscriptions witness. This lacquer finish was prescribed also for the remaining units of the security police and the Gendarmerie.
In this time the fire-brigade came also to the blue light. It had been already specified into the 1920er years, which Polizeifahrzeuge had to use for the marking a blue headlight. Since the fire-brigade was now also police, also it had to use this headlight.
The dress uniforms were lightgreen with black Schaftstiefeln (often called Knobelbecher) and lightgreen garrison caps. To the service uniform dark grey, nearly black Tschakos was carried instead of the garrison caps. The uniform jackets (skirts) possessed high, closed collars with collar mirror. Rank insignias were carried on shoulder straps.
The development of the police up to the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany and/or the German Democratic Republic ran off very differently. The police organization in the individual countries affects the switch positions, which made crew powers in this time, partly this very day.
Because of the lack of material the uniform ("weapon skirts ") of the policemen were shortened and the collar mirrors were removed. The lightgreen uniform was dark-blue in the British zone. This color was often not water resistant and ensured for it that each German policeman in the British zone, to which literally in the rain was located left blue puddles where it went and sat.
The vehicles remained dark green with white label and black wheel housings.
In the USA the police system is just as variously as it also in Germany until 1933 had presented itself. Of the military the delegates gendarmes did not only exist. Immediately after income of the areas by US armed forces took over the US military police the tasks of police, whereby there were here likewise very various variants, since each American armed service possesses its own military police with Kriminalpolizei. The fire-brigades were assigned very soon again to the municipalities.
After end of war only slowly again an arranged administration was formed. This preceded from place to place most differently. Home-remained convinced party comrades vacated i.d.R. just as quietly and quietly their offices, as Kriegsheimkehrer their former Wachstuben again transferred and in their armed forces uniforms (without badges) or in civilian with tinkered armlets or police badges took up a service enterprise.
Example Hessen: 1945 were already prescribed municipalities over 5.000 inhabitants by the military government the mechanism of a local police. Smaller municipalities could voluntarily likewise create their own police. Otherwise the there police service was noticed by "the largehessian police ", late Gendarmerie or (district administration Kassel). Besides existed border police for the monitoring of the demarcation lines, which was transferred later in the Gendarmerie, and/or police force. Also a water protection police (Flusspolizei) was created already 1945, as first independent mechanism.
The municipality police was integrated into the 1970er years gradually into the national police.
Also in the British zone of occupation first the military police took over the tasks of police and separated immediately from the fire-brigade.
Since the British supreme command wanted to have little partner in Germany only if possible at the local police, local police did not become certified. After the Entnazifizierung quite fast about the creation of countries one thought; thus the idea went from land police.
In the French zone of occupation first only the military police transferred the tasks of police and separated from fire-brigade after of the Entnazifizierung also in the French zone the structure from local police was begun. In addition French gendarmes were entrusted with the police services in the occupied areas.
Also in the areas occupied by the Soviet army and the areas, which war-allied by the exchange against (west) Berlin to the other three went, the fire-brigade was separated later immediately the police. The tasks of police were taken over by the Soviet military police. This had still by 3 October 1990 full police powers in the GDR.
The German police was very centralistic aligned organized in the Soviet zone of occupation after the Entnazifizierung and the necessary political training of the officials.
Police of the federation (Federal Border Police, Federal Criminal Investigation Office, house inspection of the administration of the German federal daily (since 1994 existed: Police with the German Bundestag), course police and transmission securing service of the Federal Post Office) as well as the national police next to each other. One agreed on the establishment of the auxiliary police by an administrative agreement.
Since is in the Federal Republic of Germany also women the entrance to the university-formed police service permitted the 1980ern, whereby the opening of this occupation was not regulated at the same time country widely, but in the Lands of the Federal Republic temporally differently took place. Bavaria was here the last Land of the Federal Republic (1990).
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