Plastics one calls materials, whose basic element synthetically or halfsynthetically produced polymers with organic groups are.

By the selection of the raw material, the manufacturing process and the admixture of additives technical characteristics of plastics can be varied such as mouldability, hardness, elasticity, breaking strength, temperature, thermostability and chemical stability within wide limits. Such molding materials provided with addition materials are then marked according to DIN EN ISO 1043 (thermoplastics) and according to DIN 7708 (thermosetting polymers). Plastics are processed to shaped parts, semi-finished material, fibers or foils.

Halfsynthetic plastics result from the processing of natural polymers (for example cellulose to Zelluloid). Synthetic plastics are produced by polymerization (polyaddition, polycondensation etc.) from a monomer. Raw material is usually GEC rack width units naphtha.

Colloquially and devaluing plastic is often called plastics or plastics, even if the material is actually flexible. Therefore in the science the term of plastics is preferred.

Characterisation after characteristics

• Thermoplastics

Plastics, which are enough from, linear molecules exist. By energy input these materials will be able ductile to plastic and with different procedures to be processed. After the respective workpiece is again cooled down, it keeps its form. This process is reversible (frz. reversibly).

Most of the plastics used today fall under this group. For simple consumer goods, packing etc. is used frequently polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polystyrene (HP). Technical parts are usually manufactured from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS), Polyacetal (POM), PP (Pa), Polybutylenterephthalat (PBT), Polyethersulfon (PES), polycarbonate (PC), Polyphenylensulfid (PPS), polytetrafluorethylene (ptfe), Polyetheretherketon (PEEK) or Polyimid (pi). In the building industry, in particular for roof sheets, window sections and pipes the material polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is often used, which is however usually modified with additives in the characteristics (hard or soft).

In order not to produce new so far yet existing characteristics, also two or several thermoplastics can be mixed. This new plastic is then a Polyblend.

• Thermosetting polymers

Plastics, which interlace spatially closely during the processing. This cross-linking takes place chemically between the molecules of the raw materials. This procedure is not reversible. As soon as a such material is interlaced, it can be worked on only mechanically. Thermosetting polymers are mostly hard and brittle.

During heat effect thermosetting polymers do not become soft. Therefore they are used frequently for electricity installations. One of the most common and oldest plastics of this class is bakelite. Into this group also practically all synthetic resins fall as for example Epoxide.

• Elastomers

To the elastomers all kinds of interlaced india rubber belong. Cross-linking takes place for example via Vulkanisation with sulfur, by means of peroxides, metallic oxides or irradiation.

The elastomers are weitmaschig interlaced and therefore flexible. Elastomers become not soft when warming up and are not not soluble in most solvents. Therefore they are used for sanitary articles or chemical gloves. The rubber mixture of motor-car tires is likewise an elastomer, this receives its characteristics by Vulkanisation.

Examples of elastomers are natural rubber (NR), acrylonitrile butadiene india rubber (NBR), styrene butadiene india rubber (SBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), butadiene india rubber (BR) and ethyl propylene serving india rubber (EPDM).

Processing

• Extrude
• Injection moulding
• Kalandrieren
• Foams

Important mass plastics

About 90% of world-wide production are allotted in the order of its portion to the following six plastics:

{|

| -! Name! Contraction! Kind | - |1. Polyethylene |PE more |Polymer | - |2. Polypropylene |PP more |Polymer | - |3. Polyvinyl chloride |PVC more |Polymer | - |4. Polystyrene |PS more |Polymer | - |5. PU |PUR |Polyaddukt | - |6. Polyethylene terephthalate |PET |Polykondensat |} 

Other plastics

Articles in category "Plastic"

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