Permakultur is today a generic term for variety at Design strategies for the planning, organization and preservation of lasting habitats on earth. Emphasis is food production, power supply, landscape planning and the organization more socially (Infra) structures. Basic idea is thereby managing with renewable energies and naturenear material cycles in the sense of a durable and ecologically lasting use.

Permakuturelles thinking and acting is based on development-open ethical and formative principles for the setting up and receipt of systems, in which a harmonious coexistence of all organisms should be possible. Living together humans, animals and plants is considerationful so combined that the needs are appropriately fulfillable all. With the Design of such systems Permakultur uses in particular those holistisch integrativen starting points and realizations from system theory, biocybernetics and depth ecology.

Apart from newer realizations permakulturell active ones open likewise the Wiederentdeckung and use of "old knowledge" from handicraft and agriculture and promote the linkage of both wealth of experience to innovative Design strategies.

Beginnings and development

Center of the 1970er years developed the two Australians Dr. Bill Mollison and David Holmgren ideas for the setting up agricultural systems, with which the food supply was to be better guaranteed on a long-term basis than with the prevailing industrial-conventional cultivation methods. They observed that agriculture by its preference for Monokulturen and the substantial use of Pestiziden soil and water get the industrielle dirty, reduce the bio diversity and each year tonnenweise formerly fruitful soil of the erosion delivers. Today such observations are world-wide confirmed and criticized increasingly.

Mollison and Holmgren coined/shaped the term Permakultur for their new starting point. It developed from the linkage of the English terms perma'nent agriculture' (dt. "durable agriculture"). The term permanently agriculture was already used 1911 by the American agrarian scientist Franklin Hiram King in a similar sense, in order to describe the lasting cultivation methods in China, Korea and Japan (F.H. King: Farmers OF Forty Centuries. Or permanently Agriculture in China, Korea and Japan). 1978 published Mollison its first book concerning this concept (Permaculture One). Three years later it was distinguished for the research and description of the principles of this form of the naturenear agriculture with the right Livelihood Award ("alternative Nobelpreis").

Mollison and Holmgren defined Permakultur first as planning, development and management more integrated, developing systems from of several years and itself increasing one year's plants and animal species, which in conformity with the respective environmental condition and the needs their users. In the course of the years and refined the two Protagonisten extended their Design principles, by trying these out in hundreds of projects. Them the necessary inclusion of social aspects became ever more conscious, because everywhere humans concerned reacted with different expectations to the use of their habitats.

Thus a holistisch integrativer starting point became the organization of social residential areas in harmony with Habitaten in the sense, naturally grown, permanently culture during the 1980er years from the originally agricultural concept. With the time permakulturelles thinking and acting experienced a rapid propagation of the newer social movements interlaced world-wide and finds today a broad application on many further fields of knowledge, like architecture, city and regional planning, cooperative economics and software development. For some humans "Permakultur" became thereby a life-philosophical term.

At the same time many proponents of these naturenear Design methods strove around the development of a concept for quality assurance since the internationalization. Thus and develops an internationally agreed upon, certified training structure for Permakultur Design developed. Some first certified and accredited designer inside and designers united to projects and associations, in order to base in their countries Permakultur of institutes and academies. They are structured informal, for everyone accessible and strive for qualitatively high-quality training and advancement of Permakultur. Preferential one and recommended Lernmethode is the Action Learning as a dynamic group learning method in the rhythm between thinking and acting.

The term Permakultur is, just as the Permakultur Logo, in copyright matters protected. The commercial use, for example in the naming of a planning office, is attached to the safety device of the quality to the training as the accredited Permakultur designer.

Permakultur ethics

The use of Permakultur principles (see below) in the sense of a harmonious and futurable organization of our habitats led from the beginning to the formulation of ethical basic ideas. Also these are constantly developed further and and to form the basic attitude of permakulturellen thinking and acting. They are to be understood as guideline for any Permakultur Design, are it a horticulture or an agriculture project, the building of a house or the renovation of a whole borough.

Today these ethical basic values (core VALUEs) with the following three Termimi can be summarized:

Achtsamer handling the earth (Earthcare) - aims at careful and foresighted handling the natural bases of life (resources), which are understood as a gift of the earth for all organisms. In order to be able to call a Permakultur Design lasting, the natural regeneration cycles (material and energy cycles) of the life-supporting systems are to be taken into account consciously and carefully.

Achtsamer handling humans (Peoplecare) - takes in particular consideration for the rights of self-determination of all humans. Here the problem of liberty and responsibility becomes particularly clearly. The right to a freely shapable use of the bases of life to ensure, a balance between individual and joint needs requires all. From this an ethical demand rises after social justice. All humans are to have the same right to entrance to the bases of life (resources).

Self delimitation (lasting growth cancelling) and surplus distribution (limit ton consumption and growth, redistribution OF of surpluses) - is there the earth in puncto maximum stress and regeneration ability limited, must also humans an adequate self delimitation regarding the satisfaction of their needs exercise; as particulars and as mankind opposite the earth (animals, plants,"Â…), as well as particulars and as community among themselves. The Permakultur ethics contains therefore an integrating third component, which stands for a conscious conversion of self delimitation and (back) a distribution of surplus. The latter refers thus also to the adequate feedback into natural cycles. Thus the circle closes to Earthcare and Peoplecare, and/or overlaps the three ethical aspects.

A good integratives Design lies thus on cut average of the three ethical principles.

Articles in category "Permakultur"

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