Paper (of paper, out griech.: Papyrusstaude) is a material, which is predominantly used for describing and printing on and of vegetable fibers consists to a large extent. Normally it is used in thin layers; in addition, it can be formed to solid objects, like Today paper is usually made of groundwood or cellulose.

The culturally most important type of paper is the typewriting paper. Further operational areas are for example packing from pasteboard, amateur handicrafts and furnishings like the wallpaper. In Japan and China paper in the interior arrangement is more varied used, as for example the Japanese Shoji, with translucent which rear paper covered space divisor.

History

Earlier writing carriers

Cave designs are the oldest documents, which humans with pigment color drew on an underground. The Sumerer, the carriers of the oldest well-known advanced culture, wrote since approximately 3200 v. Chr. with cuneiform script on soft clay/tone boards, which are delivered until today partially, because they were burned by coincidences. Also made of Egypt writing carriers from inorganic materials are well-known, for example the splendor pallet of the king Narmer (3100 v. Chr.) from Speckstein.Es became already organic writing carriers such as leather, Pergament, wood, crust, papyrus (Egypt starting from approx. 3000 v. Chr.) and paper uses, from which we know however only from designs on more durable material (about rock).

Papyrus consists of the flat struck, crosswise put and pressed of the reed plant growing at the entire lower Nile in calm riparian zones (genuine papyrus). One wrote on it with black and red color. The black india ink consisted the red color of soot and a solution of rubber arabicum, on ocher basis was manufactured. The recorder was a brush from Binsen. There was also papyrus in the antique Greece, however a spreading beyond Greece was hardly well-known. In the 3. The Greeks the brush replaced century by split sylphon bellows. From the Greek word the word is derived paper.

In the Roman realm one used both papyrus and wax boards, into the latters the text by means of a angespitzten was cut. With a scraper one could smooth the wax again and again describe the board. Public announcements were usually attached as inscription at temples or administration buildings. In India one used sheets of palm plants and in China boards from bone, shells, ivory. Later consisted the boards of inorganic material, like bronze, iron, gold, silver, tin, Jade, stone and clay/tone, as well as of organic material, like wood, bamboo strip and silk. On the other hand plant sheets and animal skins were not used as writing carriers. The Orakelknochen was cut with styluses or marked with ink from lamp black and Zinnober. In medieval Europe one used Pergament, a write material made of animal skins.

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