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| Arecaceae | ||||||||||||
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The palm plants or palms (Arecaceae, becomes outdated to Palmae or Palmaceae) are a family of the Bedecktsamer (Magnoliophyta) and only family of the order of the palm-well-behaved (Arecales), which was far common already approximately 70 million years ago in the chalk time. The family of the palms has 200 kinds with approximately 2600 kinds according to current estimations.
In the family of the palms the longest sheet (with palms of the kind Raphia with up to 25 m) is, the largest Same (of the Seychelles palm with up to 22 kg weight), as well as the bloom-richest bloom conditions Infloreszenz (in the kind Corypha with estimated 10 blooms per Infloreszenz) of the Pflanzenreichs.
Palm plants are plants of several years and holzige, with a characteristic sheet tuft. Palms belong to the bloom plants and increase effected via seed, a vegetative Vermehrung, as with many other plants with them not. The trunk does not exhibit, differently than with trees, secondary thickness growth. Already at the beginning of the growth of a palm the trunk achieves as far as possible its final thickness. Are rare palms e.g. branches out, exception Hyphane kinds. Some kinds creep or climb (e.g. Ratang palms). The Blattspreite is formed at the beginning of always undivided and divides only later.
The bloom conditions are laterally or at the point. The bloom conditions at the point of the palm are then die the plant after flowering and Fruchten. The bloom conditions are mostly strongly branch out and of a Spatha as protection for the are coated. The blooms can be zwittrig, but they are eingeschlechtig mostly, it give and kinds of palm. The blooms are always triple and are rarely are schraubig mostly the structure of bloom. They are dusted by insects or by the wind. Palms have closing fruits, mostly berries or
In the moderate zones only some few kinds prosper, for example the honey palm (Jubaea chilensis), which is winter hard on Helgoland however in Central Europe only. The palms grow depending upon kind on sea level and in up to 4000 meters height.
For many humans the palm is of great importance as a useful plant. Thus it can be used in various way:
By approximately 100 palms the fruits are edible (Dattelpalme, Palmyrapalme), by others the seeds (coconut, betel nut, Palmyrapalme). One designates the edible vegetation cone as Palmherz, from that Marks of the trunk of some kinds can to Sago be won. In the indomalayischen area the Sagopalme has a great importance as a strength supplier. The juice of palms will for the production of beverages used, from it can also sugar be won. From fermentation Palmwein results. Also by the fermentation of Fruchtfleisch beverages can be manufactured. Few palm blooms attract bees, from this can to Palmhonig be won.
In many countries the palm is the base material for the building of houses, whereby the trunks as wood and the water-rejecting sheets for the building of roofs are used. Of Rotangpalmen (Calamus) Rattan furniture is made.
In the new classification after Dransfield and UHL of 1986 palms are divided into six Unterfamilien. These were divided again into and Subtribus. The number of respective kinds stands in parentheses, more well-known palm kinds or kinds of palm is specified than examples.
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