The kind Paprika (Capsicum) belongs to the family of the night shade plants (Solanaceae). Related kinds of cultivated plant are for instance potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). It both the plant and the fruit and Paprika designated, particularly for the fruit gives it still further names, which differences in sharpness, size and also color to mark. The furthest common kind, to which also nearly all Paprika and Chilis available in Europe belong, is Capsicum annuum.

Description of plant

Habitus and sheets

Plants to the Dreifurchenpollen which germinate seeds aboveground belong to Paprika), it form two The krautigen plants usually of several years reach stature heights around 150 cm, but both soil-covering and clearly larger kinds and sorts exist. The roots are formed in the periphery from 30 to 40 cm scarcely under the earth's surface and reached up to 60 cm into the depth. When Keimling develops first a main impulse, which trains sheets in pairs, which can appear in rapid succession. The pairs of sheets are among themselves over for instance 90"° transferred. The form of the is oblong oval to egg-shaped. They are ganzrandig and gestielt, up to 30 cm long and up to 15 cm broad. After at the earliest 3 months - in approximately at a value of 30 cm to 1 m - the main impulse branches out for the first time, in the bypass forms the first bloom. The Nebentriebe branches out during growth is again, also here in the bypasses of At the age the plant from Blattachseln drives and partly also from the bypasses themselves new branches out, which likewise branch out after some time.

With some sorts is in the bypasses to observe on the sheets and also the fruits a violet discoloration which is partly enough into black colours and concerns often also the whole plant. These discolorations appear as protection against to strong sun exposure, partially these characteristics by purposeful selection and crossings for Zierpaprikas were strengthened. Discolorations of the fruits are to be observed only to short before the ripe one, since then the often red coloring material outweighs.

All Paprikasorten is plants of several years, even if the name kind Capsicum lets one year'sness assume annuum, whereby the botanische term refers not to one calendar year separates whether the plant from germinating to seed-ripe no vegetation tracing inserts, and this characteristic applies to this kind. Per year the plants grow between 0,3 and 4,6 M. although the plants easily sour to neutral soils prefer, grow them also at a pH value of the soil between 4,3 and 8,7. A too high pH value can lead however to yellowish discolorations at the page margin and small stature. The plants grow best in loose, sandigen to lehmigen soil. In Central Europe Paprika usually one year's (germinating in the spring - fruit harvest in the same year - afterwards the plant is kompostiert) are pulled, since the plant is very coolingsensitive. At temperatures between 7 to 29 "°C Paprika can grow however also problem-free in the open land.

Bloom

The blooms grow at two to five centimeters long a handle, are usually white, it give however also a great many greenish and also violet blooms (e.g. with C. pubescens). Depending upon kind arise one to ten blooms per Blattachsel. The cup of the bloom is bell-shaped, the is partly forward intensified, partially in addition, rounded off. The Fruchtknoten is under constant. The blooms open in the morning, whereby the scar can be fertilized immediately, the dust containers deliver only after some days their Pollen. Due to this characteristic it often comes under Paprika to cross fertilizations and thus to a high variability under the plants. Up to the game forms C. buforum and C. cardenasii are zwittrig and dusting the blooms. Dusting predominantly takes place via insects, but straight during room attitude and in the greenhouse often hands wind or the careful vibrating of the plant, in order to dust the blooms. The highest fertilization rate of the blooms adjusts itself at a temperature from 16 to 32 "°C. The bloom formation has its optimum at a temperature from 16 to 21 "°C. To night temperatures over 24 "°C the plant reacts with bloom release, starting from night temperatures of 32 "°C besides the early fructification is restrained. Also after fruit lug new blooms develop, so that at a plant different stages of the fruit formation can be observed. The number of the blooms decreases however, if fruits at the plant, already maturing, are. Under ideal temperature conditions all year round blooms can be formed, the influence of the daily length on the fruit formation are however relatively small.

Fruit

Although the fruit is called colloquially and culinarily usually Schote, it concerns botanisch seen a berry. The fruit wall consists from outside to inside of a firm skin, also Exocarp mentioned, followed from the actual Fruchtfleisch, the Mesocarp and finally the inner wall, the Endocarp. At the inside of the former is the clearly brighter plazentale fabric, whatever often divides the inside of the fruit in the form of septa (Plazentarleisten) into different, not completely separated chambers. On the Plazenta and the septa sit the seeds, which fill out partially the complete interior of the fruit. The seeds are and smooth. Depending upon kind its color is to black and the Tausendkorngewicht amounts to light brown between 5 and 8 gram.

The fruits are very figuration and colorfully. From narrow cylindrical to spherical there are many appearances. Different is also the form of the point of the fruit - from conically intensified over rounded off up to recesses nicked by several roundnesses those is enough to variety. Fruit growth shows a sigmoides behavior, i.e. in the center of the ripe period growth is strongest, while at the beginning and end a very small growth is to be observed. In 28 to 35 days after fertilization the fruits have their final size reached, afterwards continue to increase the fruit weight by Verdickung of the fruit wall. Dependent on the sort and the outside conditions Paprikas developed 50 to 120 days after fertilization. Ripe fruits can accept the colours red, orange, yellow, brown or also white. The Greens, violet or black fruits are always unreif, some sorts mature over several color stages, e.g. from green after yellow too red, off. An overview of the well-known kinds and their culture forms is to be found under list of the Chilisorten.

Vermehrung

Colour and contents materials of the wild Capsicum are adapted to a special strategystrategy strategy, which ensures both large spatial spreading and as ideal a location of the plants as possible. The sharpness of the fruits is to be understood originally as a defense mechanism against mammals. Mammals learn fast to avoid sharp Paprika to which also the good recognizing barness contributes red color by those often bright. For birds however the fruits are however not sharp, since the receptors do not react on the cell surfaces to Capsaicin. Since digesting the birds does not decompose the seeds, these are again separated indigested together with the excrement. This often happens, if the birds on trees establish themselves, so that wild Capsicum is often to be found in the shade from larger trees to. The seeds surrounding excrement on the one hand the seed covering yields up, so that that can break through Keimling it more easily, in addition, supplies nutrients, which the young plant in the first development stages needs. Since birds put generally larger distances back than mammals, the seeds are distributed at the same time over a larger area.

In culture Paprika almost exclusively from seeds are pulled, however also a vegetative Vermehrung is possible by Stecklinge.

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