With Orchideen the whole of the (Orchidaceae) is marked. The two Wurzelknollen of the (v. griech. "testicles ") gave their name to the entire plant family. After the (Asteraceae) the Orchideen represents the second largest family under the bedecktsamigen bloom plants. They are regarded as particularly beautiful and to many are considered the Orchidee as a queen of the flowers. They belong to the class of the plants. About 1000 kinds with 15.000 to 30,000 kinds are recognized by the Botanikern.

Characteristics

General information

The plants of the Orchideen differ only by few clear characteristics from other related plant families. There are only very few, which occur with all despite the multiple characteristics, which are to be found with most Orchideenarten. This is because of the fact that the different EN and EN represent different evolutionary stages. The Orchideen exhibits the following specific characteristics:

• Orchideen usually possess a column, that by partial or complete growing together of the only fruitful Staubblattes and the stamp of developed only bloom organ
• the polling grains are together-clenched to the so-called pole lines
• Orchideen train numerous very small seeds, which are usually not germable without symbiosis mushrooms
• the Tepalum of the internal cladding circle (third Petalum), lain in the symmetry axis, differs from the others and lip or Labellum is usually clearly called. It faces the fruitful Staubblatt (part of the column)
• the blooms usually are zygomorph (monosymmetrically, bilateral-symmetrically). Exceptions are for example in the kinds Mormodes, Ludisia and Macodes. The blooms of most Orchideenarten are characterised by the fact that they turn from the nodulation to the bloom development around 180"°. This is called Resupination. There are also kinds, with which the bloom handle turns around 360"° (hyper+ resupiniert).

Orchideen are usually of several years, could theoretically depending upon stature form for an unlimited period for a long time further-grow (each year in or several new impulses or permanent far waxes of a branch). Is however only very little well-known actually over it which Orchideen age can reach.

Stature forms

Orchideen can grow in different way. One differentiates thereby the following forms

• epiphytisch, on other plants increasing (not as parasites)
• terrestrial, on earth growing
• lithophytisch, on rock or stones growing

More as half of all tropical kinds grow than Epiphyten on trees. They possess special morphologic (Velamen radicum, Pseudobulben) and physiological (CAM mechanism) characteristics, in order to get along with partial adverse conditions such as drynesses and lack of nutrient in the crown area.

Habitus

One differentiates between monopodial increasing Orchideen, the one uniform branch axle further-growing at the point possesses (partly also with bypasses) and sympodial increasing Orchideen, which train successively-following branch members with limited point growth by bypass. The sympodialwachsenden Orchideen trains to be more or less thick Pseudobulben, in or multielement trained can and as memory organs serve. Some Orchideengattungen train also underground memory organs (Kormus). With monopodial the increasing Orchideen the sheets and/or the roots serve as memory organs. Beside the two aforementioned forms of the Habitus there are still rarer modifications, which correspond not to the normal pattern of monopodial or sympodial. Thus many kinds of the Pleurothallidinae (ex. Pleurothallis, Lepanthes) do not train Pseudobulben despite sympodialem stature, but have often fleshy sheets.

Sheets

The predominant part of the Orchideen possesses parallelnervige sheets, with hardly visible cross connections. They sit usually double-row, alternating at the opposite sides of the branch. Many Orchideen train a only one correct sheet, the plants of the sheets are however likewise double-row. The form of the sheets and blade tips, the firmness, the colouring and the structure of sheet vary very strongly.

• Blattformen (selection): circular, elliptically, eggly-shaped, operate-eggly-shaped, spatelig, oblong,
• Form of the blade tips (selection): rounded off, blunt, pointedly, dreispitzig, nicked, cut, unequally sharply
• Page margins: usually smoothly, partial easily curved, only rarely clearly rippled/crinkled (Lepanthes calidictyon)
• Structure of sheet: with and without Blattstiel
• Firmness of the sheets: varied of thinly and softly over fleshy firm up to sukkulenten sheets
• Sheet color: usually green in the most different gradations (from light to deep dark-green), in addition, completely and/or partially (lower surfaces) reddish to red-brown, or chlorophyll-poor or - freely completely or partially brightly to knows

Many kinds lose climatically cause their sheets, in order to train it again at the beginning of the next vegetation cycle. While with the predominant part of these kinds the sheets are actually only one year's, there are likewise kinds, which throw their sheets off only under adverse local conditions and/or under favorable conditions kept. In addition, there are kinds, which grow completely sheetless (Dendrophylax lindenii). But they possess chlorophyll-basic roots.

Bloom conditions and blooms

No other plant family has such a spectrum, which and colors of the blooms concern forms, like the family of the Orchideen. The size of the blooms varies from some millimeters (ex. Lepanthes calodictyon) up to 20 centimeters and more per bloom (ex. Paphiopedilum hangianum). The chromatic spectrum reaches thereby from tender white over green and blue tones up to strong red and Many the are multi color.

The bloom conditions of the Orchideen are usually at which depending upon kind up to one hundred and more blooms can be formed. If branched bloom conditions grow, then the grape/cluster form is to be found in each case at the outermost branches. Beside grape/cluster or it in addition, a multiplicity of Orchideen, which are only gives bloom impulses. With some kinds successively several blooms at the same bloom impulse form, whereby more than one bloom (e.g. Psychopsis papilio) is opened however never. The bloom conditions can rise in each place of the branch of the Orchidee. Becomes between finalconstant (terminal (at the sprout), apically (central at the impulse beginning)) differentiated and sideconstant (lateral) bloom conditions. Usually the bloom impulses of a Blattachsel rise. Due to the stature direction the bloom conditions of the monopodialen Orchideen are always sideconstant. The individual blooms are always supported by a Braktee (carrying sheet), which is inconspicuous usually.

From botanischer view the is characterized as a Perigon. It consists of an inside and an outside cladding circle, which consist in each case of 3 Tepalen. The Tepalum of the internal cladding circle lain in the symmetry axis is usually clearly deviating which size, color and form concerns. It forms the lip (Labellum) the In addition column (Columna or Gynostemium) and the Fruchtknoten are substantial components of the blooms. The differs very clearly in its appearance from other representatives of the The petals remind many more of Sepalen and Petalen, than of homogeneous Tepalen. For this reason in the descriptions for kinds and kinds usually also the terms Sepalum and Petalum are used, even if this is botanisch not correct. With some Orchideengattungen the lower two Sepalen (2 of the outside cladding circle) grew together and form a "shoe" (ex. the kinds of the Unterfamilien Cypripedioideae). With other kinds above all a long spur falls on (ex. Aeranthes, Aerangis), a particularly trained part of the Labellum. With respect to the basic structure one differentiates monandrische (1 fertiles Staubblatt, ex. Cattleya, Phalaenopsis) and diandrische (2 fertile ex. Paphiopedilum, Cypripedium) Orchideen. The Fruchtknoten is under constant with Orchideen. The other bloom parts (Sepalen and Petalen, column, lip) grew together with this completely and stand over him. Usually the Fruchtknoten is only very narrow and swells only after dusting on (training of the seed cap). The blooms of the Orchideen are bilateral symmetrical with exception of some kinds (ex. Cycnoches, Mormodes) (zygomorph). That is, that one can put a mirror axle, only one by the center of the bloom (monosymmetrical).

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