Organization (of griech. organon = tool) can be translated most appropriate with "managing" and means: Planning and execution of a project.

Both generally linguistic usage and in the science (sociology, political science, management economics, computer science) is used very variously the term, whereby depending upon view level different aspects are stressed.

Organization theories

Major item: Organizational theory

Organization theories have to explain and understand the purpose organizations - their developing, their existence and their function mode -. It exists a multiplicity of different organization theories, since organizations are high-complex social things and the article the subject of the organizational theory is very broad. Are alike to all beginnings their object area, the organizations and its objective. However the different beginnings seize only in each case certain aspects. Organization theories are to serve the improvement of organization practice.

Important organization theories are:

• Neo Institutionalismus
• Taylorismus
• Transaction cost theory
• Self organization
• Situativer beginning
• Bureaucracy theory (bureaucracy beginning)
• System theory
• Principle aluminum agent theory
• Garbage CAN model
• Relation beginningbeginning relation beginning
• Property Rights beginning
• Evolution-theoretical beginning

Organization in the sociology

In the sociology by "organization" according to plan coordinated and purposeful acting from humans is understood to the production of a common material or immaterial product, with usually formally regulated membership and a condition (to institutional rules, see also institution). One differentiates between formal (i.e. planned) and informal (i.e. spontaneously formed) organizations. The organization sociology examines organizations primarily from institutional view. Organization is therefore a durable arrangement of elements, whose doing is so fixed by rules that a task can be fulfilled in working part-industrial union-coordinated way. But organizations also developing are investigated.

Organization defined by the definition

1. their elements, the part of the organization are (who belongs to
2. its communication structure (which element stands for other element with which in which way in the
3. their autonomy (with max of webers, more exactly: Autokephalie) (it or an element of it makes which changes and
4. their action rules in relation to outside events (whereupon it becomes as a "collective participant"

The degree of the organizingness is therefore the degree of the definition of the elements regarding the connection with other elements and their function.

By the coordinated co-operation of the elements the organization can solve tasks, which go beyond the possibilities of the elements ("as single natures"). The price for it is the restriction of the degree of freedom of the individual elements. Advantages of organization are reinforcement (more of the same), addition (combination of different one), expansion (co-ordination in the area). Disadvantages can be: Inertia (by co-ordination), loss of interaction (in particular in the self determiningness and perception of the elements).

Organization in the management economics

The management economics are interested mainly in organization in instrumental view. For an enterprise organization is a means for reaching the company target.

With respect to this sense one can differentiate the organizations then according to two in principle different target systems:

"• Organizations, a whose goal consists of it, achievements to furnish and/or products for finished (production enterprises and service enterprise) or intended external effects to obtain (e.g. Administrative authorities, police, parties, syndicates, trade unions, etc.).

"• Organizations, whose Zielerreichung is directed toward the change of persons (e.g. Schools, Universities of, hospitals, advisory boards, prisons etc.). This type of goal is usually called Non profit organization.

Regarding the Binnenstruktur one differentiates two terms:

• Organizational structure ("structure "): The hierarchical structures of an enterprise. (Who has which tasks and powers of
• Sequence organisation (in former times: "Katallaktik "): The processes of the achievement production in the enterprise ("in which succession like something one ")

See also: Organization (economics), economical organization teachings

Organization in the political science

Own politologische organization teachings actual despite the research of e.g. Parties - not yet interspersed. But 21 opens with that. Century by the increasing meaning of the NGO (non-governmental organizations) new research fields. They reach - for example - from the red cross to aluminium-Qaida.

Organization in the quality management

In connection with quality management systems an organization is defined as one "group of persons and mechanisms with a structure of Verantwortungen, powers and relations ". This can be for example (e) society, body, company, enterprises, institution, nonprofit organization, Einzelunternehmer, federation or parts and/or combinations of such mechanisms.

Organization is however not only a static structure, but defined also proceedings, procedural instructions, escalation processes, handling standard offences etc. This meaning is more clearly named the word "process organization ".

Demarcation of the term institution

Usually the term organization is separated strictly from the term institution. This does not succeed however always.

Regarding institutions there are different viewpoints:

• prozessual: a thing is organized (RH) (organization as activity)
• functionally: Organization as function of the authority/management
• instrument valley/struktural/konfigurativ: a thing has an organization (organization as structure in the long term put on), to divide into:
  • Organizational structure (see also family tree)
  • Sequence organisation
• institutionally: a thing is an organization (organization as concrete purposeful social thing)

Literature

• Martin Bschges: Introduction to the organization sociology 3. Edition. Wiesbaden 2004: VS publishing house
• Mayo Elton (1945): Problems of industrieller conditions of work. Frankfurt A.M., 1945.
• Max webers: The legal rule with bureaukratischem administrative staff. In: ders., economics and society, 1980.
• How/as country hunter/Uwe Schimank (Hrsg.): Organization company Wiesbaden 2005: VS publishing house
• Walther Mueller Jentsch: "Organization sociology. An introduction." Frankfurt A.M. 2004: Campus
• Helmut narrow one: Bases and problems of the marketing and management, 12. Aufl., 2002. ISBN 3-7910-2027-7
• Green, O. (1990): Organization. in: Scheuch, F. (Hrsg.): General management economics. Vienna, S.451-513
• Mintzberg, H.: Organization Design: Fashion or fit In: HBR, January. /Feb. 1981, S.103-116
• Grochla, E. (1982): Bases of the organizational organization, Stuttgart
• Scherer, G. (2002): Criticism of the organization or organization of the In: Kieser, A. (Hrsg.): Organization theories, Stuttgart, P. 1-5
• Kieser, A. (Hrsg.) (2002): Organization theories, Stuttgart, P. 133-168
• Luhmann, N. (2000) organization and decision

Magazines over organization

• Magazine guidance + organization
• Magazine for management

See also

• Organ - institution - body - learning organization - management process - non-governmental organization - a party - process - state - structure - association - a line system - multi-line system - organizational chart

Related links

• Society for organization
• BPM Guide.de - extensive information portal to topics approximately around the business process and Workflow management
• Institut for organization and stock management - school for economics Vienna
• Austrian combination for organization and management
• Formal and informal organization

Articles in category "Organization"

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