Organs in the legal sense act for legal entities, because these cannot act and decide in the natural sense. Organs can be individuals (for example managing directors) or committees and/or collegial organs (for example executive committee, supervisory board, meeting of the members). From the "condition" of the legal entity it results there are which organs, for which they may act (for example: Order and recall of a managing director) and like it to act may (for example: always two members of the board together). By "constitutional bodies" strictly speaking one understands the organs of a state.

State organs

On federal level the following constitutional bodies are intended: The Federal President, the Bundestag, the Upper House of Parliament, the Federal Government, the Presidential Election Council, the common committee and the Federal Constitutional Court (BVerfG). If a diverging view exists regarding a condition question between the individual organs (without BVerfG), the BVerfG in so-called organ contentious proceedings can be called.

The Lands of the Federal Republic have own nationalness and therefore likewise constitutional bodies. On regional level regularly the organs insist as federal state government and federal state parliament.

The Basic Law guarantees the local autonomy. Therefore it gives on local level -- although the cities, district and municipalities own states are not -- in accordance with condition of the federal state law likewise organs, for instance the mayor and the local council.

Organs of legal entities of private law

Legal entities under private law (legally responsible association, limited company) act outward by organs (e.g. managing directors) or through of organs authorized persons. Actions of the organ are not directly actions of the legal entity, a case of the representation. There can be also organs, those not as the action is outward destined (company meeting, meeting of the members).

The "condition" of the limited company is that articles of association notarially which can be recorded. The "condition" of an association is its statute.

The legally responsible association in the sense of the BGB has at least two organs after German right: the executive committee ("§ 26 BGB) and the meeting of the members. The association can plan further organs in its statute.

Articles in category "Organ (right)"

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