Oleg Wladimirowitsch Penkowski (Russian ; wiss. Transliteration Oleg Pen'kovskij; * 1919; "† 1963) were a Colonel in the department of clearing-up (GRU) in the Red Army of the Soviet Union.

Penkowski supplied crucial information to the west with on the high point of the cold war to the intentions the Soviet Union during the Berlin crisis and to the Cuba crisis.

During the Berlin crisis Penkowski guessed/advised the Western powers to a hard attitude opposite the Soviet Union. On 22 October 1962 US-American president John F. Kennedy in a dramatic television speech demands the dismantling of all Soviet rockets and firing plants on Cuba. The conditions of the Soviet armament were Kennedy by the espionage Penkowskis well-known.

In one to 7. May 1963 in Moscow looking process begun was condemned Penkowski because of high treason to death and shot later.

Its British contact man Greville May pool of broadcasting corporations Wynne describes the events in the book "the man made of Moscow".

On 8 April 1993 write the FAZ over Penkowski:

And if the "self offerer" and Colonel of the Soviet military secret service GRU, saved Oleg Penkowski, also not the world from a nuclear war, it contributed certainly substantially to it that in particular the United States were to a more realistic estimate of Soviet intentions and possibilities able, particularly during the Berlin crisis (1961) and the Cuba crisis (1962).

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