Obligation prostitution / Special criminal law teachings

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Obligation prostitution designates illegal practice to force humans (in almost all cases women and girls) to the work as prostitutes. Obligation prostitution is not to be assigned to the usual prostitution, but is earliest a special form of modern slavery.

This obligation can be exerted by physical and psychological force, deception, extortion, utilization of a position of constraint or utilization of the helplessness of the victim.

Modern obligation prostitution

The slave trade is a very old trade and already by the Sahara of the antique ones ran the routes of the people dealers. Later e.g. whole fleets drove from slave ships from west Africa to Amerika.Der organized slave trade were inflamed into Europe to the collapse of the Eastern Bloc and completely particularly to the beginning and end of the Yugoslav civil war at the beginning/in the middle of the 90's-years in particular. The Schengener agreement and the border line within the European Union 1993 was added as (involuntarily) supporting element temporally very favorably, so that starting from this date mostly young girls and women from Eastern Europe are lured from organized gangs to Germany, by promising them a lucrative work as Serviererin or a outer-Pair (for an exact classification of the travel reasons see below). At Germany to be arrived them immediately the papers removed, so that they cannot to move in the strange country freely and remain dependent thus.

In the European Union roughly each year 200,000 obligation prostitutes are sold by people dealers at Right-national measures against it verpuffen usually in the jungle from bureaucracy, corruption and (stating) fear on author and victim side, since the fault of the prostitution in the patriarchalisch coined/shaped countries and nations of the Eastern Bloc weighed still more heavily and weighs as in the west. A further problem for the prosecution authorities is the high level of organization and the professionalism of the authors.

Victim and author

Victim structure

In the year 2003 altogether 1,235 victims in Germany were registered. Of it was 1,108 of not-German origin. Only 10.7%, thus 127, the victims were Germans. In the total number of the victims only nine male victims were announced, by nine victims are not not seized the sex.

Older

The age of the victims amounts to 18 constantly to a large extent until including 24 years (717 of 1.235 victims, with 186 victims the age is unknown). The portion of victims under age is stably with approx. 5%. There were victims under age (14-17 years) altogether 60, of it 14 victims from Germany, 11 from Bulgaria, 7 from Romania, 6 from Poland, 1 from Russia, 1 from the Ukraine, 1 from Latvia.

to countries

MOE states: Bulgaria, Estonia, Romania, rep. Yugoslavia, Latvia, Litauen, Moldavia, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Czech Republic of, Ukraine, Hungary, white Russia

Country of origin	Number of victims	Change to the previous year	Victim ever 100,000 inhabitants of 15-30 J.
MOE states entirely	988	+ 280
of it Russia	317	+ 174	1,2
of it Romania	143	+ 96	4,3
of it Bulgaria	128	+ 37	12,7
of it Ukraine	103	+ 17	1,6
of it Poland	91	+ 9	1,7
of it Latvia	64	+ 40	22,1
of it Lithuania	62	- 57	12,8
remaining Europe	139	+ 131
of it Germany	127	no data	1,5
Asia	36	+ 8
of it Thailand	10	- 1
other	72	+ 5
of it unknown	20	+ 5

This table shows clearly that further the bulk of the victims originates from central and Eastern Europe. With these victims outweigh women from Russia, whatever must experience most frequently force. After this group, which constitutes nearly half of the victims, rank the victims from Western Europe, that are nearly all German. African or asiatic victims are rare and victims from America still rarer.

These numbers seize only the victims from introduced preliminary investigations. Over the whole of the composition of the group of all victims in Germany no conclusive statements can be made on the basis these data, but at least a tendency regarding the composition of the group of victims can be read off.

The last column of the table shows a particularly sad picture. Here pointed out like many of 100.000 inhabitants of the respective country at the age between 15 and 30 years in Germany as obligation prostitutes were exploited. 22.1 women in Germany were thus exploited of 100.000 lettischen women as Sexsklaven. This number particularly is frightening, when Germany is only one country of many in those women from these countries is in this way exploited.

With consideration of the immense dark number thus in fact a substantial portion of the women fristet between 15 and 30 years from these countries its existence as an obligation prostitute.

The whereabouts of the victims

Year: 2003
Data available of: 1.108 victims
The whereabouts unknown: 255 (23.0%)
Pushed away or rejected: 396 (35.8%)
Tolerance (duration does not admit): 130 (11.7%)
Freiwillige return to the homeland: 192 (17.3%)
Witness protection program: 31 (2.8%)
The other whereabouts (marriage, application for asylum, other reasons): 104 (9.4%)

229 victims (25.4% of the victims) were cared for in the context of the victim support. From these 45.4% received a tolerance. Of the not cared for 672 victims only 3.6%. From 207 victims no data were present. It is shown thus that a victim support is an important step to a tolerance of the victims in Germany.

The portion of the women those inland durably to remain may do is thus much too small, when which could be helpful it as incentive to the statement against the authors. Above all the high number of deportation and classifications serves rather the authors as argument the women under pressure to set.

Victim witnesses

For the police it is to be financed often heavily the accommodation and the maintenance of the victims inland to often be responsible oneself there no responsible Sozialamt ready avowedly for the costs. Thus many victim witnesses go being able for the police lost and, since they already left the country into their homeland, not in the pending procedures against the authors to state. This competence problem leads to losses in author pursuit. There is a "help for which by the federal working group woman trade was provided, these however in the Lands of the Federal Republic is still differently used. Exclusively Rhineland-Palatinate provided a household title of 100.000 euro for the maintenance of victim witnesses ready.

Author structure

Sex

2003 1,110 suspects were registered. 79.3% the author were male and with 1,4% of the suspects the sex were not seized.

female suspects

The few (226 of 1.110) female suspects were before usually as prostitutes actively. Their tasks were according to hearings the recruitment of women in their homelands and their supervision in the brothels. 90 was German, 17 pole inside, 16 Russians and 15 Bulgarinnen.

Countries of origin of the suspects

Country	Number	Change previous year
Germany	437	+ 112
not in D born	87	+ 33
MOE states	340	+ 53
of it Bulgaria	69	+ 1
of it Russia	59	+ 38
of it Romania	48	+ 18
of it Poland	39	+ 4
of it Lithuania	32	- 35
otherwise. Europe	220	+ 95
of it Turkey	149	+ 65
Other one	113	+ 29
of it unknown	43	- 1

Evaluation of the table

German suspects outweigh in terms of figures opposite suspects from central and Eastern European states. These data of the Federal Criminal Investigation Office do not seize naturally the whole of the authors in Germany, but only those of the persons against some preliminary investigation because of slave trade or heavy slave trade introduced is.

The data are tendentious not representative therefore since it is many more difficult for example the telephone of a person to supervise which a language speaks for hardly the interpreter to be found is. Also different nationalities work organized together. The authors from the countries of origin of the victims "constituted" these and German authors exploit them inland as operators of brothels or call Girl agencies.

From the table thus hardly the structure of the author circle can be inferred, it shows however this crime not only by the "Russian mafia", as is often accepted, but also to large extent of German authors is committed.