Nice (franz. Nice []) is been a port in Southern France, nearby the border to Italy between Cannes and Monaco to the d'Azur because of the Mediterranean. Nice is the prefecture (franz. - administrative head office) of the Alpes maritime. Together with 23 surrounding municipalities Nice forms the d'agglomration de Nice d'Azur. One designates the inhabitants of Nice as Nizzaer, in the French original .

• Population: 346,000 inhabitants
• Population with surrounding countryside: 933,000 inhabitants

Geografie

Nice lies in the direct extension of the Mercantour massif, in the west limited by the Var valley and in the east of the Mont Boron.

Climate

By the protected situation Nice is also in the winter one of the warmest places to the French d'Azur. The most pleasant travel months are May and Mitte Septembers to in the middle of Octobers. The heaviest-rainfall time are the months February and March. Generally the temperatures lie in Nice some degrees over the temperatures in Germany. The months June until August can become very hot. The winters are mild, it hardly give in Nice frost. Therefore this city was in 19. Century a popular winter accomodation for Englishmen. This very day the large hotels and gardens witness of this Umstand.Das mild climate favoured also the viticulture, the Weinbaugebiet around Nice carry the names bark.

History

Already before 400,000 years representatives of the culture in the area lived and hunted among other things giant.

In 4. Jh. v.Chr. (probably over 350 v.Chr.) defeated the from the area around Marseille the Ligurer and created (also Nicaea, as much as victorious, after Nike). In the year 154 v. Chr. the Romans in the area settled, after the Greek settlements Nikaia and Antipolis (Antibes) had been attacked by Ligurern from the area of Biot and Cannes. To the safety device of the region thereupon of the Romans beside a second settlement, Cemenelum, on the mountains of Cimiez establishes. The received ruins suggest for Cemenelum (today quarter Cimiez) a total population of 15.000 to 20,000 inhabitants. The place was thereby a regional administrative center and experienced in particular by the building of the via Julia Augusta (7 v. Chr.) an upswing, so that approximately at this time the base increased to the city.

In 5. Century was given up Cemenelum in favor of of , Provence fell to 508 to the Ostgoten, 536 to the Franconia realm. 813 Nice was by sarazenischen aggressors, that came from the sea. Also in the future the city the attacks of the Muslims, who had settled to approx. 975 in the close Fraximetum, was delivered, before count Wilhelm of Provence could drive it out. 1144 are mentioned an town councillor ("Consulat"), 1176 a first urban constitution, whereby Nice the however far Gft. Provence remained subordinated, so that the city in 12. Jh. was aragonesisch and starting from 1246 to Anjou belonged. In 13. Jh. became increasingly the competition to Genova apparent, which attained the sovereignty around 1215 even briefly over the city. As reaction the count of the Provenze let a fleet station around 1250 in Nice. 1295 took place the establishment of the city Villefranche (as many as free city) near Nice with a base for the fight of the Piraterie. 1385 came it to the death of the national lady Johanna to succession confusions, when Karl von Anjou and its Karl von Durazzo the county Provence for itself stressed cousins. In this situation Nice turned on causing Mr. Jean Grimaldi against the Anjous, whereupon in the year 1388 duke Amadeus VII. of Savoyen incorporated the eastern part of Provence as county (franz. Nice its duchy, which attained thus an entrance to the sea. Due to its strategic situation the city was fastened strongly and was in the consequence contests again and again.

, in order to fight for the French requirements in the Lombardei against the Habsburger, but he turned out for 1524 crossed Franz I. of the county Nice in the battle of Pavia into the shank of Karl V., who had him brought 1525, from Villefranche with the ship, to Spain. 1536 withdrew itself the duke from Savoyen before the king from France into the county Nice. Two years later in Nice under switching of Paul III. (Pope) was negotiated an armistice between Franz I. and Karl V. 1543 took place (futile) the FE storage from Nice via the French troops and the fleet Khair ad Dins. After the local excessive quantity it was a Catherine which was to have forced the departure of the Turks as a "Jeanne d'Arc from Nice".

In the year 1600 Heinrich IV. let the city besiege. On the occasion of the peace of Lyon of 1601 Nice remained with the duchy Savoyen, which established here 1614 to one of the three Courts of Justice of the country. 1631 are afflicted Nice by a plague epidemic disease. 1642 was driven out the Spaniards from Nice. 1691 took Ludwig XIV. (France) Nice and the region. He took over the title of a count von Nizza at the same time. 1693 visited the military architect le Prestre de Vauban the region around Nice for the organization of the repair of the fortifications. Later the duke of Savoyen attained two years the county Nice by the marriage of his daughter with a grandchild of Ludwig XIV back. In the Spanish succession war came it again to fights in the region, since Savoyen placed itself on the side of the Habsburger against France. A French attack under general Catinat led however to the large destruction of the Festung.1744, in the context of the Austrian succession war conquered French-Spanish troops the county Nice, which was awarded to Savoyen again however in the Aachener peace 1748. 1749 were put on the today's port (the basin Lympia). After a popular vote 1793 the county Nice France was attached and to 85. Section with the name d'Alpes maritime raised.

From here Napoleon 1796 began his Italy campaign, which led to the occupation of the Piemont. 1800 were occupied at short notice the region by Austrian troops, subordinated however after the victory Napoleon with Marengo again the French rule. 1804 recognized Nice the Empire with 3.488 to 2 voices on. In the year 1814 drop back in the contract of of Paris the the county Nice to Piemont back, which meanwhile part the of the Kingdom of Sardinien become be. The borders of 1760 were restored thereby. 1859 supported France the national agreement of Italy under the rule of the king of Sardinien, achieved against the Habsburger, which had to grant Napoleon III. for it in the contract of Turin the final affiliation Savoyens and Nice at France, which was approved of by the population of Nice in a Plebiszit with approximately 25,000 against straight once about 200 voices. The railway (Chemins de more fer de Provence) reached 1864 the city. Since the station was built far outside of the city on free field, building activity shifted on the area beyond the Paillon. The old part of town remained good thereby. 1882 build the French architect Charles Garnier the observatory of Nice. 1887 were shaken Nice by an easy earthquake.

Meanwhile the city was as summer-resort of the Englishmen so much established that Alexandre Dumas explained 1851, Nice is in the reason an English city, in which one could meet now and then also a native one. Increasingly logierte here also the European high aristocracy, so the Russian Zar and Victoria of England. If about 22,000 guests spent the winter around here 1890, then there was around already 1910 150.000. The upswing as a tourist goal was accompanied of an appropriate industrialization, in 20. Jh. increasingly Italian immigrant workers tightened, who established themselves predominantly in the quarters of Riquier and larva line. In the Second World War the city, which was German occupied first Italian, then, remained to a large extent intact; in the mountains above the city were resistance centers of the While the portion of the Englishmen in the city decreased/went back gradually, particularly increased from immigrants from the earlier French colonies after the Second World War.

Number of inhabitants development

Development of the number of inhabitants:

Articles in category "Nice"

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