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The nature park Elm Lappwald is a nature park in the southeast Lower Saxony east of Braunschweig. The wooded of Elm, Lappwald and Dorm as well as the area of the Helmstedter hollow coin/shape it.
The nature park has a surface of approx. 470 km and lies in the districts Helmstedt and It is limited in the west of the outskirts of a town of Braunschweig and in the north of wolf castle. Within the northern range the a2 in the section Hanover Berlin cut through the park. The nature park covers the landscapes and forest areas of:
Landscape-moderately the nature park belongs to the hill country. It is in the junction region between the central mountain area with the resin in the south and the north German lowlandses with the heath in the north. Climatically the area lies in west east direction in the between maritime and continental influences of the weather.
The nature park was created 1977 as a co-operation of the districts Helmstedt, as well as the city Braunschweig. The nature park Elm Lappwald is in the meantime a component UNESCO and European geo park of the resin Braunschweiger country Ostfalen.
The last ice age (Weichsel ice age) before approximately 12,000 years deposited one in the southern part of the Helmstedter and in the entire process of the hollow up to 3 m powerful release layer, on which the fruitful black and brown ground connection were formed. During the Abtauperioden the ice masses created the fine forms of this landscape. A close hardwood forest vegetation developed in the Nacheiszeit and covered the entire area of the today's nature park. Their tree species adapted to the respective soil conditions. Thus oak shark beech forests with beech oak forests and break forests on wet, torfigen layers within the northern range of the park (Niedermoorgebiete) changed. In the southern part the beech forests prevailed forwards.
The area of the today's nature park was already in 6. Millenium before Christ durably settles, about which witness. With the settlement of this area by humans the vegetation picture naturally grown changed. The first settlers had in the middle Steinzeit as hunters, Fischer and Sammler still no considerable portion of this hollow situation of the area with beginnings to the loess ensured in the Steinzeit for a settlement by early agriculture culture they already rodeten already early the close tree existence. The time of the large Rodungen (900 to 1200 n brought the largest loss at forest surfaces. Chr.), when this time the natural landscape became taken "in culture". Today place names, which hear up - rode, -, still point - to field to end, on this settlement period. Particularly many put on the Marientaler of Cistercian monks. To this time decrease/go back Abbenrode, Hemkenrode and Erkerode at the northwest slope of the Elms and Rotenkamp at the giant mountain. In the Middle Ages there were more settlements in this region still importantly. Nearly half of them was given up by its inhabitants again and purged, it became whose number is particularly high in the area of the Lappwaldes, at the Dorm and at the southwest slope of the Elms. The area with its good soils remained until today a preferential field location. Since the Middle Ages the cities Schningen, and Helmstedt are places in the range of the today's nature park. For the early, already 952 using development Helmstedts the situation at the trade route from Braunschweig was relevant to Magdeburg, today's B 1.
The Elm is considered as the largest and most beautiful beech forest of Northern Germany. To the appearance of the nature park belong large forest surfaces, moorlands, source rivers, lakes, heath surfaces, salt meadows and species-rich lime lean lawns. Occur over 800 plant types, of which more apply as 10 per cent than endangered. Birds, mammals and amphibians are manifold represented in the habitat nature park. As idyllisch above all the Reitlingstal in the Elm and the well valley in the Lappwald are considered.
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