Muskelrelaxantien (other way of writing: Muskelrelaxanzien, Singular: Muskelrelaxans or Muskelrelaxanz) are medicaments, which cause a reversible (temporary) relaxation of the skeletal musculature. According to their effect mechanism differentiates one between directly the peripheral Muskelrelaxantien attacking at the motor end plate of the muscle and the central Muskelrelaxantien, which lower the muscle tonus in the central nervous system. Peripheral Muskelrelaxantien is used for execution by Narkosen in the framework by operations, in order to lower or completely waive the tonus of the skeletal musculature, central Muskelrelaxantien for the treatment of spinal released Spastiken or local muscle spasms.

Peripheral Muskelrelaxantien

Peripheral Muskelrelaxantien (English peripheral muscle relaxants) blocks the neuromuscular attraction transmission at the motor end plates, which causes a reversible paralysis, which the organism diminishes however independently. The duration for it depends on the dosage. The effect can be waived by gift of an antagonist actively, e.g. at the end of an operation.

Impact

Motor end plate

Muskelrelaxantien are restrictors of the neuromuscular transmission at the motor end plate. This is the place of the transmission of the excitation of a nerve cell on the muscle fiber.

During excitation of the nerve cell the messenger material acetyl choline from vesicles is delivered over the axonalen setting free places into the synaptic gap. The acetyl choline diffused to the receptors of the muscle cell, binds there and leads by a change of the allosterischen configuration of the receptor molecules to an influx of sodium ions into the muscle cell. Thus it comes to a depolarization of the Membranpotenzials to the excitation and contraction of the muscle cell.

Acetyl choline is removed rapidly by diffusion and enzymatic dismantling (acetylcholinesterase) from the synaptic gap. Thus are the connection places at the receptor free and are available for renewed excitation.

Effect of the Muskelrelaxantien

The substances deposit themselves to the nikotinergen acetyl choline receptors of the muscle cell. During an excitation of the nerve cell the messenger material acetyl choline is then set free, these can work however at the muscle cell not adequately. The muscle is thus temporarily, active movements is impossible.

Depolarisierende Muskelrelaxantien work it as Agonisten (exciting) at the receptor, release a long continuing Depolaristion. They lead at the beginning to a short contraction muscles, which is observed with the patient as Faszikulieren (uncoordinated muscle tremor) and to go then into a flabby paralysis over. The continuing depolarization prevents a renewed excitation by acetyl choline, the muscle is unerregbar. The effect is not by other medicines to waive (antagonisierbar).

Nichtdepolarisierende Muskelrelaxantien bind as kompetitive antagonists (restraining) to the receptor, without releasing a depolarization. The effect of the acetyl choline is prevented by the blockade. The effect can be broken through by an increase of the acetyl choline concentration. Cholinesterasehemmer are usually used such as Neostigmin.

Substances

Apart from small and rare side effects preferential Muskelrelaxantien has a rapid effect entrance and a short period of effectiveness in the sense of good controllability of its effect.

depolarisierende Muskelrelaxantien

nichtdepolarisierende Muskelrelaxantien

Central Muskelrelaxantien

Central Muskelrelaxantien (English cent ral muscle relaxants) are medicines, which have an effect in the central nervous system. They are used when diseased increase the muscle tonus. To release here the muscle tonus to slackening brought without a paralysis, thus a "absorbing" effect.

Articles in category "Muskelrelaxans"

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