History

The early Middle Ages

Establishment

The monastery was created, according to that Lor Codex, as noble self-monastery of the Robertiner Cancor (count in Alemannien to 758 and up to its death 771 count in Rhine gau) and its nut/mother Williswinth to the Weschnitz. The church and the first monastery constructions from wood were on the area of the today's ruin old person cathedral. Still existing documents put the conclusion close that there was here a church, which of the count family specified above already before 764 built and which was geweiht the holy Petrus. This church probably for the purpose family-grave-put to a monastery extended and 764 bishop Chrodegang of Metz (relatives of Williswinth and Cancor) to the personal possession conveyed. The bishop had close connections to house Meier Pippin, was papal Legat and prominent head of the Frankish church reorganisation. Thus the establishment of monastery existence, the monastery remained in the family estate and the neighbouring bishops of Worms and Mainz did not have had an access to the monastery.

Starting from 764 here already were monks from Gorze, which were sent by Chrodegang. Chrodegang introduced, as on its self-establishment, monastery Gorze, the benediktinischen rules. On the request of Chrodegang for Reliquien for the monastery Pope handed Paul over I. the Gebeine of the holy Nazarius, which arrived on 11 July 765. The monastery received thereby as one first in the Franconia realm from the Pope a Roman holy one to the gift.

The abbey received thereby increases donations and the number of the pilgrims increased precipitously. This may have been a reason, in order to begin a church new building at 765. In this year Gundeland, a brother of Chrodegang, became abbott of Lorsch. On a hill nearby the old location (old person cathedral), on the today still recognizable monastery area, the new church was built. The country was given to the abbey by Thurinkbert, a brother of count Cancor. As Chrodegang in March 766 had the monastery of 16 monks died.

Realm monastery

The transformation from a self-monastery to a realm and a king monastery was caused by Cancors son home Erich. When Cancor 771 died, home Erich raised requirements for possession on the monastery. The abbott Gundeland pulled thereupon before the yard court of Karl the large one. There the abbott got the abbey as possession as owner awarded. Around further encroachments of the aristocracy and the neighbouring bishops on the abbey to prevent Gundeland transferred the abbey at Karl the large one. This took the abbey under its protection. The abbey received thereby the right its abbotts freely to select and it received the immunity.

In the realm organization the abbey had to carry the king service out (servitium regis) and provided for the Binnenkolonisation. In this context the donation of Karl must be seen to the large one, in the year the 773 and 774 the Marks of Heppenheim and the mansion Oppenheim conveyed. In the tradition of the eternal prayer (in the start time of the monastery for the families of the owners and the financially strong aristocracy) Karl the large one demanded, the monks also on for the king family and the realm too prayed.

In the year 774 the new monastic church was finished placed. The abbott Gundeland invited Karl the large one to the consecration, which in Speyer was. It returned straight from Italy, where it defeated the Langobarden. It traveled with the bishop (late archbishop) from Mainz Lullus and further bishops after Lorsch. Lullus made the Kirchweihe and transferred the Reliquien of the holy Nazarius into the new church. At the latest since 774 it will have given also first buildings of the which by Karl the large one and late Ludwig the German was frequently visited in particular.

A further important task came to the abbey starting from the fourth abbott Richbod, which an important Skriptorium constructed. In the same century the Skriptorium also a school is attached, thus develops from it those far away well-known monastery library of the high Middle Ages. Richbod is probably occupied since 775 in the monastery as document writers. It received its training at the Hofe from Karl to the large one with Alkuin. It is to be assumed that it was selected by its proximity to the king yard 784 to the abbott and between 791 and 793 in personnel union also archbishop from Trier was. As such belonged it to the closer scholar circle (alias: Macharius) at the king yard around Karl and Alkuin. The monastery had thereby an important role for book production and concomitantly for the education reform in Frankish Reich.Weiterhin left Richbold ecclesia triplex establish. This was a further small church in connection with the building that the first convention buildings from stone to be seen must. Further Richbold fastened the monastery with a Steinmauer.

By donations, those essentially of the local aristocracy came expanded the abbey in the following centuries much. The donations came mainly from the Wormsgau, the Lobdengau and that upper Rhine gau. Further donations came from the Kraichgau, the Speyergau and in smaller measures from that Lahn gau, the Wetterau (Wettereiba), the Niddagau, that Main gau, the Anglachgau (southeast from Speyer), the Ufgau (southeast from Speyer), the Wingertland (Wingarteiba in the eastern Odenwald), the Elsenzgau and that mash gau.

Under the monasteries in the realm Lorsch already emerges 817 to carry those the main load of the king service had (e.g. Deliveries to the realm or the supply of soldiers for the realm army). This clarifies also the economic meaning of the monastery for the Franconia realm.

Handing hurrying

Abbott Adalung succeeded it to still increase the possession of the abbey. It maintained close relations with Karl the large one, who appointed it 808 also the abbott of Saint Vaast in Arras. Adalung signed, beside others, the will of Karl the large one. Also for its successor emperors Ludwig the pious one, was Adalung a close advisor. Thus Adalung 823 traveled to Rome, in order to lead on behalf the emperor Untersuchungen against the Pope Paschalis I.

Also during it arguments between the emperor and its sons went the abbey strengthened out. The abbey was occupied 832 by Ludwig the German to prevent probably in order the abbey to seize for the emperor Partei.

Adalung was 833 on the lie field with Colmar present and handed over on behalf of Ludwig pious gifts to the Pope to the Gregor IV., which on operate from Lothar I. had traveled. In the year 834 Ludwig the German needed the cover of the abbey, against his brother Lothar I. and considered the abbey with a donation. In this time the monastery had 60 monks and a hard gave to the abbey cella the Michelstadt.

Samuel becomes 834, after the death of Adalung, abbott of Lorsch. It successfully led the abbey by the time of the arguments between the sons of Ludwig that pious one. Still by its Samuel 841 bishop von Worms became, he remained at the same time an abbott in Lorsch. After the death of Ludwig the pious one supported it Lothar I., as this also the Fuldaer abbott Rabanus Maurus, to which Mainzer archbishop Otgar and the Paderborner bishop Badurat did. Only to come the contract of Verdun (843), came again to a communication between the church princes and Ludwig the German. This expresses itself in a document of Ludwig from the year 847. In it the king permits the possession torn up by the handing hurrying to the abbey to bundle by exchange again. Further 852 the status is confirmed as realm abbey.

The high Middle Ages

The monastery possessed one of the largest libraries of the Middle Ages, which was incorporated later into the Bibliotheca Palatina.

The late Middle Ages

1232 were subordinated Lorsch to the ore diocese Mainz; the Benediktiner had to leave the abbey and by the was replaced. 1461 pawned to cure Mainz its possessions at the mountain route and thus went to Lorsch to the Kurpfalz, which introduced 1556 the reformation and which monastery waived. When the Spaniards took off 1621 from the mountain route, Lorsch was down-burned.

Modern times

After end of the war the abbey arrived to cure Mainz and was cannibalized. Only "king-resounds" remained intact. It is the oldest completely received building of stones of Germany of the after-Roman time and mediated today an impression of karolingischen architecture.

The monastery Lorsch was taken up 1991 to the list of the UNESCO Weltkulturerbes.

Propsteien

• Monastery old person cathedral (Propstei since 1071)
• cella Michelstadt Steinbach (Propstei since 1073)
• Monastery pc. Michael on the holy mountain with Heidelberg
• Monastery pc. Stephan on the holy mountain with Heidelberg
• Monastery new castle

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