The laboratory medicine ("laboratory medicine ") is e.g. a diagnostic field of activity of the medicine at the interface to scientific subjects like chemistry or molecular biology. By new machine and methodical developments like biological chips, Telepathologie or red genetic engineering it e.g. ranks among the innovativsten ranges of the so-called Hightech medicine. In the context of the 2004 imported drop lump sums you come in the German DRG system also a high economic meaning.

In Germany there is a special medical further training to the specialist for laboratory medicine, while the subject in Great Britain e.g. the pathologist as "Pathologist ", in France the biologist represents as "bio logist ". In the context of the harmonization of the European training further orders on a standardization one works, which might not be simple however because of long national traditions with appropriate occupation orders.

Fields of activity

Laboratory physicians are fan-spreading for almost all medical disciplines, v.a. however for the general medicine and internal medicine actively. They provide laboratory findings for the diagnostics and stage organization of diseases, process therapy control as well as prevention. Apart from actual analytics they organize sample preparation inclusive transport in the laboratory as well as the back transmission of the laboratory findings to the requesting physician inclusive long-distance data transmission and consultation (post office analytics).

Emphasis of the laboratory-medical activity is among other things clinical chemistry and immune chemistry, (illnesses of the blood) and (disturbances of the blood clotting), microbiology and Infektionsserologie, Transfusionsmedizin and human genetics. For some these disciplines are there own specialist or auxiliary designations as well as scientific certificates (e.g. clinical chemist).

The specialist for laboratory medicine

In order to become active after a completed medicine study in Germany as a specialist for laboratory medicine, it requires a five-year training further time:

• 1 year in internal medicine and general medicine (acute hospital) or
• 4 years laboratory medicine, of it
  • 1/2 year in a micro-biological,
  • 1/2 year in a infektionsserologischen and
  • 1/2 year in a laboratory.

On the laboratory medicine are to be taken into account

• • 1 year in microbiology, Virologie and infection epidemiology
  • 1/2 year in Transfusionsmedizin

Three years may be done with an established physician.

Under normal conditions a patient with the laboratory physician comes hardly personally into contact, it is for blood withdrawals and production of other investigation materials like e.g. marrow, brain and joint liquids, sperm and chair. However laboratory physicians often offer to training courses and consultation, e.g. in the context of the blood sugar self testing, human genetics, Tropical or preventive medicine.

Statistics

• On 1 January 2001 1,223 specialists for laboratory medicine were registered, of whom 466 was established. 324 did not exercise a medical activity.
• The laboratory medicine is not subject to the permission barrier in the context of the cash-medical requirement planning.

Only 160 of over 2000 hospital laboratories is led by laboratory physicians (conditions 2005). The remaining are subordinate usually to a specialist for internal medicine, in whose order a medical-technical female assistant or a clinical chemist is active. Established laboratory medical practices must be always led against it by a specialist for Laboratoriumsmedizn.

As also within other specialist ranges the number of the laboratory physicians decreases at present by the obsolescence of the population and the lack of recruits in the medicine.

Normal ranges

Normal ranges are raised typically at a large number from obviously recovering. As normal values so mentioned one indicates the upper and lower bounds of the range, in which 95% of all measured values are. A value outside of the normal range does not mean therefore automatically that the appropriate person is ill, completely on the contrary: Each 20. Worth must lie by definition when recovering outside of the indicated borders.

There the normal ranges also strongly of the used methodology, which examined population etc. depend, are to be understood the limit values specified in this table only as reference values. For the evaluation of laboratory findings the specific table of the respective physician is valid and in the case of doubt a personal medical interpretation necessary.

Reference ranges and decision borders

Turned around all normal ranges exhibit more or less strong laps with the values, which will receive with patients. Their measured values depend e.g. on kind, stage, weight and treatment of the respective illness: Thus the mirror of the tumor marker PSA means e.g. quite somewhat over the total volume of the Prostata, however as keeping nothing over good or malicious causes a possible an optimal separation between recovering and ill as good, needs one therefore for each medical question special reference ranges and decision borders: If one would like to absolutely exclude a HIV contamination e.g. with testing a unit of stored blood, then one will extremely low set the upper decision border of the test (even at the risk that many apparently suspicious samples must be rejected thereby), while one for same test the limit value comparatively higher during a continuous investigation will set, to confront in order do not recover with wrong AIDS alarm.

Articles in category "Laboratory medicine"

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