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The heath is a large heath and forest landscape in the northeast of Lower Saxony in the town triangle between Hamburg, Bremen and Hanover.
The area of the heath extends over the districts Celle, GIF horn, Soltau Fallingbostel, Uelzen, Lueneburg, Dannenberg, the south part of the district red castle and the district Harburg. Within the range of the municipality Kirchlinteln of the heath (Lintler Geest or Verdener heath) are enough into the district Verden.
There the heath landscape between the Elbe is in the north, the Drawehn in the east, all this in the south and southwest, the central run of the in the west and the Harburger mountains in the northwest.
At the northwest edge of the heath also Hochmoore are with the Harburger mountains and south of Schneverdingen. Smaller intermediate moorlands are furthermore remarkable in earth cases, like the "groundless moorland" with Walsrode or the Bullenkuhle to the west of bath soil pond. The eastern demarcation to the turning country forms the Drawehn (= nature area east heath).
The highest collection of the heath is the Wilseder mountain (169.2 m NN). Further hills over 100 m NN are Ahrberg (145 m), high Mechtin (142 m), Pampower mountain (140 m), (130 m), hanging mountain (126 m), with Schneverdingen (120), house same suppl. (118 m), cap mountain (115 m), Tellmer mountain (113 m), ship mountain (107 m), Hummelsberg (106 m), Hengstberg (105 m), Drullberg and Thonhopsberg (104 m each) as well as Kruckberg and Wietzer mountain (ever 102 m).
Rivers are beside numerous smaller heath brooks the which rises at the west slope of the Wilseder of mountain, in the south all this, the Vissel, the and the to the Elbe drain the Ilmenau, the Luhe and the Seeve.
The heath lies largeclimatically in a subatlantischen, moderate zone with cool winters and mild summers with all-season precipitation.
In the northwest of the heath and around the Wilseder mountain is approximately 234 km the large protected area of the Naturschutzparks heath, of which about 58% forest and 13% are heath surfaces. This area encloses to a large extent the stature area high heath, which received this name because of the there (EndmorĀ¤ne with several "mountains" over 150 m). Here a "small mountain climate" was formed with lower temperatures and higher precipitation than in the surrounding countryside. The entire heath represents the largest connected heath surfaces of Central Europe with the open heath surfaces on the large troop exercise areas Munster north and south as well as mountains.
In the east of the heath the nature park Elbufer Drawehn is and in the southeast the nature park south heath between Uelzen in the northeast, in the east, Celle in the south and mountains in the west.
e.g. see Drawehn, Bullenkuhle (moorland)
The heath and its surrounding countryside were displaced belonged to those areas of the north German lowlandses in those the cultures of the Mesolithikums already early by neolithischen farmers. Certifications of this more-hundred-year close settlement particularly are in the Lkrs. Uelzen. Under the Megalithanlagen of the region the Oldendorfer stands out dead place and the seven stone houses.
On the flatcurved, sandigen of the heath open surfaces, which bestockten themselves with a to a large extent beweidungsresistenten plant type, already resulted to the broom heath in the Bronzezeit from intensive Beweidung of the forests and the associated destruction of the regenerating forest stand (Calluna vulgaris). Often also the opinion, which is heath in the Middle Ages by the wood need of the saltworks developed, expressed in books, is simply wrong: The saltworks needed firewood for the enterprise of the Sudpfannen of the salt, however she began with production only around the year 1000, when the heath existed already 2000 years. The necessary quantity had to be supplied separately in the production time of the production (bloom time of the Hanse) of a forest surface in the size of 50 km lastingly, the heath is however over 7000 km large. Also the wood came not at all from the heath, but over the water route, in particular from Mecklenburg via Elbe and from the area of the Schaalsees. The Landweg (navigable Ilmenau rivers from the core range of the heath does not flow to Lueneburg except also at that time only causes) would have been much too expensive, as by the partial still existing delivery notes it cannot only be proven but also by the fact that around Lueneburg still large forests held themselves, e.g. the
Finally heaths developed often, where no saltworks are, i.e. into the sheep Beweidungsgebieten at the coasts from Norway to Portugal as well as in Scotland and Ireland. For the degradation of the soil the agricultural use of the surfaces was responsible into first line. The regeneration strength of the soils was exhausted by the so-called troubling gene blows. The regular demolition of the Oberbodens led to the propagation of the heath. With the decomposition of the heath herb the pH value of the soil sinks drastically, arrived into the iron buffer area at pH 3, which initiates the process of the Podsolierung. The soil life is sensitively disturbed, which leads to the fact that below the root layer of the heath with approximately 40 cm depth a hardened Bodenschicht develops, which impermeable hardpan or the local earth, at which the iron and humus particles loosened in the Oberboden precipitate themselves again. The Unterboden partitions itself thus quasi from the acid entry from the Oberboden. From the top of the soil thus the nutrients are to a large extent washed, which leads to a bleaching, which causes for typical, grey-white moving ways of the heath.
The heath is thus no natural landscape, but only a culture landscape created by the intervention of humans. In order to prevent that the half-open heath landscape by trees, above all the Kiefer, partly also the Sandbirke, it is again grown and thus millenium-old habitats with many, often very rare animal and plant types adapted to this landscape to be lost, one leaves regularly sheep, practically excluding the native Heidschnucken, which graze surfaces.
In the year 1906 private individuals began, at 1910 began the association Naturschutzpark registered association (VNP) with the buying up of field and heath surfaces approximately around the Wilseder mountain, in order to receive it as heath surfaces. The VNP is owner of a part of the protected area, sees itself today however more as a representative to routistic and local policy than nature protection federation.
In the year 1975 it came to expanded in the area around Eschede with Celle. As far as the pool with the governmental district at that time Stade 1978 carried the 2004 dissolved governmental district Lueneburg officially for the name "governmental district heath".
In the rural areas of the region one speaks partially to today a flat-German dialect named Heidjerisch. The name follows the designation of the inhabitants of the heath - "Heidjer" -.
The heath has a great importance as a local recreation goal for the surrounding large cities Hamburg, Hanover and Bremen. Apart from the week final tourism also the supraregional tourism has a great economic importance. A main moving way by the heath is the Freudenthalweg.Durch the heath leads the motorways A 7, A 27 and A 250 as well as the railroad lines
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