Liabilities - also passive side or liabilities mentioned - form a component of the balance of a restaurant subject. Balances, which are provided with the term liabilities, are however strictly taken illegal, since "§ 266 HGB, which specifies the exact list and nomenclature of the balance, only passive side knows the term. Selbiges applies to the term "active" in place of "assets side".

Liabilities are usually pointed out on the right side of a balance. The active, which is proven on the left side of the balance, forms their counterpart. The passive side points the central origin out, the assets side shows the utilization of funds.

Partitioning of liabilities

Liabilities are divided i.d.R. into own capital funds, resetting, commitments and passive calculation deferred items, whereby resetting and commitments have an outside capital character. Further posts or partitionings are possible.

Own capital funds

Own capital funds result inevitably as balance between the estimated values on the assets side and those on the passive side. It represents the furnished and capital left in the enterprise, on which the enterprise owners have At private firms the document of identification of own capital funds takes place in the balance as total post, at unincorporated firm can according to an adhesion character be differentiated. Unincorporated firms without personally responsible person or partner (see "§ 264a HGB) and finance companies to arrange own capital funds as follows:

Often the positions IVTH and Vth also into a position with the designation balance profit/balance loss are combined.

Resetting

Resetting are to be formed after "§ 249 HGB for uncertain commitments and for threatening losses from floating business.

Uncertain commitments are their characteristic described, the financial year or an earlier financial year which can be assigned expenditures, exactly after, which are indefinite at the conclusion deadline probably or surely, but regarding their height or the time of their entrance.

Furthermore resetting are to form for in the financial year omitted expenditures for maintenance or for encallowing as well as for guarantees, which are furnished without legal obligation. In addition resetting may for their characteristic after exactly described, the financial year or an earlier financial year expenditures which can be assigned be formed, those at the conclusion deadline probably or surely, but regarding their height or the time of their entrance are indefinite (provisions for operating expenses).

For other purposes resetting may not be formed.

Resetting divided into

• Pension resetting
• Tax reserves
• other resetting

After static Bilanzaufassung serves the resetting formation the complete collection of debts. In the context of owing hitting a corner control all pecuniary claims must be confronted to the owing hitting a corner potential proven on the assets side (= fortune) on the passive side, even if these are uncertain after the reason and/or the height. After dynamic Bilanzaufassung applies the period-specific success determination as a priority balance goal. Hereunder applies it to antizipieren expenditure and/or charge expenditure timely-proportional.

Commitments

Commitments are liabilities of an enterprise, which are clearly determined contrary to resetting surely and after height and day of maturity.

Calculation deferred item

On the passive side incomes before the conclusion deadline are to be proven as calculation deferred items, as far as they represent yield for a certain time after this day ("§ 250 exp. 2 HGB). For this e.g. in advance received rents count.

Further posts

Under certain circumstances or must the passive side can be supplemented around further posts. New posts may be added, if their contents are not covered by a prescribed post. Arrangement and designation the certain posts of the balance are to be changed, if this is necessary because of characteristics (the finance company) for the list of a clear and clear end-of-year procedure ("§ 265 exp. 5 and 6 HGB).

A special item with share of the reserves has both stranger and a own capital funds character and is therefore and own post between own capital funds and the resetting to be proven.

Evaluation of liabilities

During the evaluation of liabilities in the context of the statement analysis in particular the relationship from outside capital to own capital funds is examined. Different yardsticks apply to each industry, in addition, to the business size. So an enterprise can be equipped with a own capital funds ratio of 40% in an industry as good, be regarded in another industry however already than risk.

The moreover one the allocation of the outside capital in short term and on a long-term basis due obligations importantly is. For this e.g. finance companies have appropriate data concerning the Fristigkeiten of their commitments in the appendix to make ("§ 285 sentence 1 No. 1 HGB). Here it is in particular relevant whether the enterprise with the existing or at short notice available liquid means can follow its short term commitments. Company conclusions must therefore among other things a capital river calculation contained ("§ 297 exp. 1 HGB).

Economical Gesamtrechnung

In the statements of assets and liabilities of the VGR liabilities consist of the commitments (debts). The active balances itself with liabilities to net assets.

See also

• Active
• Profit and loss calculation

Articles in category "Liabilities"

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