The term lastingness in forestry became for the first time in the context at the beginning of the 18. Century from the emergency of the forest destruction developing forestry formulates, regionally for the same reason however already in 15. Century practices. The forstwirtschafliche practice of the lastingness became besides already in 19. Century beyond the pure supply of raw materials extends.

Definition

Lasting management means, which support of forest surfaces and their use in a way and in a measure that as well as they keep their biological variety, productivity, tapering ability and their ability, at present and in the future important ecological, economic and social functions on local to fulfill to national and global level and that no damage is caused to other ecological systems.

Term demarcation

Lastingness is to their origin an forest-economical term and has here also today still another central meaning. No other relevant industry behaved over centuries under spirit of the time changing thereby similarly goal-prominently with view of the needs of coming generations. This reflects itself also in the today's self understanding of forestry, partially is however also idealized.

Reason for the high value of the forstlichen lastingness are on the one hand the long regeneration lasting and small growth rates of the forest stands, on the other hand in the past the ausgeuferte wood need, which is more near described in the following.

Since other industries do not think in production periods from centuries, it is often regarded there as economically irresponsible to behave "lastingly ". Due to its popularity the term lastingness serves other industries nevertheless often than marketing instrument. The borders between lasting and non-lasting industries are however indistinct. Concepts and examples exist for lasting development within almost all ranges, to which that in principle correspond to forestry. An example is the lastingness in the EDP.

History

In many regions of Central Europe, such with a pronounced mining industry and Montantradition, the capacities of the forests were particularly exceeded already in the late Middle Ages and their limitness clearly. Only from this context regionally actual forestry developed and replaced here the uncontrolled exploitation of the forests prevailing up to then.

For the first time lastingness became 1713 before the background of an increasing supraregional wood emergency of Hans's Carl von Carlowitz (1645-1714), who upper mountain captain in course axles postulates:

"To that-half largest art/science/diligence and mechanism local country will inside be based/like a sothane Conservation and cultivation of the Holtzes employ/that it a continuierliche steady and use after-holding gives/to stay it a unentberliche thing is/without which the country in its eats (in the sense of nature, existence, D. Verf.) not to remain likes." (P. 105-106 in "the Sylvicultura Oeconomica ").

To the penetration of the lastingness term in forestry also George Ludwig Hartig contributed crucially. It wrote:

"Under all efforts of the Forstwirts probably are no important and deserving, than the offspring of the wood, or the education of young forests, because thereby the annual wood delivery ersezt again, and the forest an eternal duration verschaft will must." ("Instruction for the wood breed for ", Marburg 1791, introduction S.V)

and stressed later:

"No durable forestry can be imagined and expected, if the wood delivery from the forests is not computed on lastingness. Each wise forest management must therefore the woodlands [...] so highly as possible, but to use to seek thus that descendants can draw at least just as much advantage from it, like the now living generation it appropriates." ("Instruction for the rating of the forests or for the determination of the wood yield of the forests ", edition of 1804)

Lastingness a purely economic principle was original to the durable safety device of continuous wood supplies for the Montanbetriebe instructed on it. From Carlo joke however already recognized the ethical and aesthetic values of the forest.

A further advocate of the lasting silviculture was Heinrich Cotta. In the course 19. Century and up to the 1920er years the term was extended beyond the pure mass lastingness - for example in the demands of Karl Gayer (1882), by Alfred (1923) in "forest as organism "and Hans Lemme (1939). Franz Heske transferred the forstlichen lastingness thought into the 1950er-Jahren also to other ranges of the human life and developed from it the philosophy of the Organik.

The Helsinki resolution (1993) defines the lasting wood culture in modern terms as

"treatment and use of forests on way and in extent, which their biological variety, productivity, tapering ability to cause, to fulfill as well as their ability, which ensure relevant ecological, economic and social functions at present and in the future on local, national and global level, without other ecological systems damage."

Certifying

In Germany forests can get forest certificate. To be promoted and distinguished thereby in particular also the environmental compatibility and economy of forest enterprises are apart from the lastingness.

See also

History of the forest in Central Europe, Forest Stewardship Council, Precious Woods, Aldo Leopold

Literature

• Karl Hasel, Ekkehard Schwartz: Forest history. A sketch for study and practice. Boiler, Remagen 2002, ISBN 3-935638-26-4
• Hannss Carl von Carlowitz: Sylvicultura oeconomica or Hauswirthliche message and natural instruction for the wild tree breed. - Reprint of the expenditures. Leipzig, brown, 1713/treatment of Klaus Irmer and Angela Kiessling; Preface Ulrich of rough ones. - DO mountain academy free mountain; Akad. Buchhdl. 2000 ISBN 3860121154

Related links

• Helsinki resolution H1 "general guidelines for the lasting management of the forests of Europe "(1993) of the European conference of ministers for the protection of the forests in Europe (MCPFE);
• Elmar Woelm: Natural wood culture
• Josef Miller: Lastingness - a modern term, which comes from forestry.
• '' A term makes career: Forstliche lastingness. '' Articles from the magazine "the German forest "of Anke and Gerhard Oesten
• Zukunftswald.de - information and training aid about lasting forestry, virtual excursion ions, simulation play
• Laszlo Maraz and Dr. Sylvia Franzl: Is the local tropical wood renouncement still Possibilities and borders of certifying.

Articles in category "Lastingness (forestry)"

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