Land hat (plane hi-jacking) / Taking of hostages

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The kidnapping of the Lufthansa airplane land hat (Boeing 737) on 13 October 1977 and the successful release of the hostages in the operation fire charm was part of the German autumn in such a way specified.

The event stood in close relationship with the kidnapping Hanns Martin Schleyers, the employer president at that time in the Federal Republic of Germany, by the Red Army parliamentary group (RAF). Thus the release of the arrested members of the first generation in such a way specified of the RAF should be extorted.

Hostage release in Mogadischu by the GSG 9 and thus the successful conclusion of the operation fire charm was cause for the suicides of the well-known RAF members Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and January Carl Raspe in the prison of Stuttgart master home. Their death entailed directly the murder of the RAF hostages Hanns Martin Schleyer by the second generation in such a way specified of the RAF.

Process

Beginning

On 13 October 1977 flight LH 181 was kidnapped to Lufthansa's from Palma to Frankfurt by the Palestinian terror command Martyr Halimeh consisting of four persons. Their leader was Zohair Youssif Akache (23), which called itself Captain Martyr Mahmud. The three other kidnappers were Souhaila Andrawes alias Soraya Ansari, the Lebanese Riza Abbasi and Nadia Duaibes alias Shanaz Holun.

The machine was led to Rome, where it was filled up and Mahmud announced the demands of its command for the first time. These were identically to those the kidnapper of Hanns Martin Schleyer; additionally one demanded still the release of two convicition comrades sitting in Turkish detention as well as the sum of 15 million US Dollar.

Pursuit

From Rome the machine continued to fly over Larnaka and Bahrain to Dubai. Here it succeeded to the pilot Schumann on 16 October to communicate to the authorities information about the number of kidnappers. By an interview of the Secretary of Defense of Dubai also the kidnappers of it experienced. Thereupon Mahmud let the flight captain down-kneel in full swing and threatened to shoot it with a further incident.

Since Larnaka a machine with members of the GSG 9 followed the kidnappers. To renewed filling up those continued to fly land hat to Aden in South Yemen at that time. The there government let all runways block however. Since the fuel went to the slope, no other possibility remained for the crew of down-bringing than the land hat on a sand strip beside the runway. The captain leaving the airplane was permitted, in order to examine the chassis. Since Schumann longer time did not return and did not react also to calls Mahmuds, he was murdered after his return of Mahmud in the center aisle of the airplane with a purposeful shot in the head - obviously also, in order to lend to the demands more reproduction. The reasons for intermediate disappearing Schumanns are unknown. It is assumed that it was taken by the authorities in safekeeping and again return so only later could. Mahmud shot Schumann, before this could explain the reasons.

Mogadischu

The machine was filled up again and to main headers on 17 October, only by the copilots Vietor steered, off and took course on the Somali capital Mogadischu, where it landed against 4:30 clock (MEZ). The corpse of the pilot was thrown from the airplane and the kidnappers set an ultimatum to 15 o'clock MEZ, in order to dismiss the RAF members from the prison Stuttgart master home. When the message came that one gave way to this demand, the transfer after Mogadischu however several hours needs, extended the kidnappers the ultimatum again, this time by 18 October, 1:30 clock MEZ.

On 18 October around 0:05 clock MEZ stormed the GSG 9-Kommando under guidance of Ulrich Wegener the land hat landed in Mogadischu. Killed during the action three of the four Geiselnehmer, only Souhaila Andrawes survived. In addition a GSG 9-Mann as well as the hostess Gabriele Dillmann were hurt. Around 0:12 clock MEZ could announce the along-traveled Minister of State Hans wiping new ski the conclusion of the action to the Federal Chancellor at that time Helmut Schmidt.

At the operation probably also two member of the British special unit SAS as well as a Somali Ranger Batallion were involved. First ignited newly developed dazzling shells (stun grenades) at the beginning of the action, the latter were assigned to the safety device of the airport area. At the actual storm on the airplane in Mogadischu however Germans were involved excluding.

Sequel

The arrested RAF members January Carl Raspe, Gudrun Ensslin and Andreas Baader were found in the morning 18 October dead in their cells. It is to have concerned a joint Suizid. On the day after the RAF communicated the "execution" from Hanns Martin Schleyer. Its corpse was found in in the Elsass.

By the success of the operation the GSG 9 got internationally a very good reputation and ranks until today among the world-wide best special-purpose forces.

The airplane, in which the kidnapping took place, a Boeing 737-230C with the serial number 20254-230 and the German characteristic D-ABCE, belongs now, after several stations among other things in Indonesia and Malaysia, to the Brazilian airline TAF Linhas which uses it further.

Government

The release action happened on instruction of the Federal Government. As the Federal Chancellor at that time added Helmut Schmidt later, it would have submitted its resignation in case of a failure of the release action or with to many dead hostages. Also there was already a finished declaration of withdrawal, which was destroyed after successful release.