Keiretsu (jap. means literally "row" or "line". Designated with this term Japanese entrepreneurial groups, "economical groups of groups" are also called.

A uniform definition for keiretsu does not give it, it over a catalog by characteristics is identified. To these characteristics belong

• President meeting shacho dock) to the arrangement of enterprise strategies,
• "Main a bank", which is i.d.R. main credit giver,
• a general trading firm, which is assigned at home and abroad for the trade,
• over cross stops of shares of other group members,
• the assignment of orders within the group,
• the delegation of managers into executive committees of other group companies as well as
• a strong affiliation feeling.

Besides horizontal and vertical keiretsu are differentiated. Horizontal keiretsu consist of enterprises of different industries. Usually their forerunners decrease/go back on companies from entrepreneurial groups, which had existence already 1945 ago zaibatsu). Final manufacturers and their approaching down taking kigyo keiretsu) can designate vertical keiretsu or chains (ryutsu keiretsu). The development of the characteristics is different depending upon keiretsu.

Developed they, since under ally crew the form was forbidden to that enterprise getting thing as well as leading old zaibatsu names. The organization in keiretsu served as it were as spare mechanism for the lowering of Transaktionskosten.Eine increasing globalization and Deregulierung of the Japanese Wirtschaftsystems since center of the 1990er years makes also a restructuring for that keiretsu necessary. The reform of the bank sector entailed for example the pool of Main bank. This leads to a competitive situation with the granting of credit at enterprises of an industry, which belonged before times to different horizontal keiretsu. Also over cross shares held are sold.

The keiretsu are in a strong process of change. In which form they will have far existence, is not to foresee at present.

Important keiretsu

Horizontal keiretsu

• Mitsui
• Mitsubishi
• Sumitomo
• Yasuda
• Sanwa
• Dai Ichi Kangyo

Vertical keiretsu

Automobile industry

• Toyota
• Nissan
• Honda
• Daihatsu
• Isuzu

Electronics

• Hitachi
• Toshiba
• Sanyo
• Matsushita
• Sony

Articles in category "Keiretsu"

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