Karl Ludwig sand (* 5 October 1795 in at that time Prussian Wunsiedel; "† 20. May 1820 in Mannheim by execution with the sword) was a radical Burschenschafter; he was the murderer of August von Kotzebue.

Life

Sand was - youngest of four brothers and sisters - son of the city judge and senior counsel Gottfried Christoph sand (1753-1823), son of the Johann Michael of sand (1709-1763) from Coburg, which lived in attaining and called themselves only sand, during its father Erhard (1650-1718) still constantly as of sand called themselves.

Sand are an old Coburger, since that 14. Century also in Thuringia provable family; the nut/mother, Dorothea Wilhelmine scoop (1766-1821), to daughter of a physician living in market talking joke, comes of to a wealthy buyer family from Wunsiedel and the relationship of the poet Jean Paul.

After the attendance of the Lyzeums in Wunsiedel and the High School in yard and Regensburg sand 1814 studied Evangelist theology in became there 1815 member of the homeland association Teutonia, 1817 also the Burschenschaft Arminia. 1815 it undertook a journey into Switzerland, participated in the war of liberation in the Bavarian battalionbattalion battalion of the Rezatkreises, however without enemy contact.

Starting from January 1816 sand continued its study in attaining, where it became member of the homeland association Franconia, which it wanted to reform and to the burschenschaftlichen thought supply from the inside. After the miss of this plan he withdrew and by Franconia in disrepute was explained. Sand recruited in attaining intensively for burschenschaftliche ideas and collected a circle of Gleichgesinnten around itself, which "the Teut Burschenschaft "- late Teutonia - created, whose mental leader sand to in the middle of remained 1817. In the winter 1816/17 sand cooperated in the Erlanger Burschenbrauch, "the Gesetzescodex of the academic state ".

On 17 June 1817 it held its sample lecture in the church. On 18 June it took Alliance/Waterloo at a celebration for memory of the battle of barks part. Four days later drowned sand friend George Friedrich Christoph Dittmar (1795-1817) before its eyes, which drew a psychological crisis with sand.

Waiting castle celebration

Of 17. - 19 October 1817 participated sand in the waiting castle celebration in iron oh. It was member of the fixed committee and flag companion with the course on the waiting castle. On the celebration sand distributed its few considered flight writing for the establishment of one "general free Burschenschaft ", which unfolded only 1818 larger effect. At the book burn on the waiting mountain, with which among other things August von Kotzebues was burned "history of the German Reich ", sand was involved. Kotzebue suspected by the Burschenschaftern as a Russian feeler gauge against Germany to have worked. After the waiting castle celebration sand continued its study in Jena - he heard Lorenz Oken with Jakob Friedrich Fries, Heinrich loaded and - and became member (Ur) of the Burschenschaft and their committee, in the summer semester 1818 also the internal circle, "the closer association ", and the Vorsteherkollegiums. Sand reached with Goethe that the Burschenschaft received the ball house for its turn exercises; with Heinrich of Gagern, Heinrich Leo, August Daniel of Binzer, Uwe Jens Lornsen and other Burschenschaftern he created one "scientific association "within the Burschenschaft. Under the influence Karl Follens developed sand to the trailer "of the absolute ones ", a wing of the Burschenschaft, which did not exclude political murder.

Sand on the second Burschentag in Jena spread handbill "Teut youth to the teutsche quantity, to 18. October 1818 "with a cutout from Follens "large song ", in which this Burschenschafter and people called for political acting for German unit and liberty and against the princes, did not find a resonance. Sand was considered as good Fechter, which was to have struck 25 Mensuren, for it always with prayers prepared. In the autumn 1818 sand traveled to Berlin, where it visited Friedrich Ludwig Jahn and distributed its handbill under the student.

The assassination attempt

The murder Kotzebues considered sand already to 5. May 1818 in its diary. It called it one "national traitors "and "people leaders ", understood it as an enemy of the Burschenschaft and their struggle for of Germany agreement and liberty. After the formal withdrawal from the Burschenschaft in February 1819 sand traveled to Mannheim. It rested on the waiting castle, in whose guest book it wrote the grain quotation - Theodor of poems always carried sand with itself -: "Press the Speer to you into the faithful heart! The liberty a lane! ".

To 23. March 1819 firstoh sand August von Kotzebue in its Mannheimer dwelling. A following attempted suicide of sand failed. With itself it carried its writing "for mortal blow August von Kotzebue ", to whom it itself also during its process well-known, which could take place only after its recovery of the wounds even caused. The yard court Mannheim condemned sand to 5. May 1820 to death. From its - supposed - aids it did not call, particularly covered it the strongly suspected Follen.

Sand was considered to creditor Christian, ponderously from mind, as an industrious and exemplary student, deeply with verworrenen feelings and unordered political ideas. To one once as correctly recognized opinion it held steadfastly and regarded it as absolute truth, similarly the welfare certainty of the gospel. Each opponent was considered to it as a traitor at the idea of the moral one, correct one and protection, which earn death. Therefore also the political murder appeared to it as a moral and justified act. Already during its execution sand had become a symbol for unit and liberty, those present people quantity "schluchzte "and was extremely moved "", brought flowers and mourning pastures also. Handkerchiefs were cut curls off dipped into sand blood, by its head, broken off splinters of the scaffold (originals in archives of the German Burschenschaft). From its wood the Henker built itself in its Heidelberger garden a little house, in which prefers the secret Burschenschaft met. Already after short time the remainders had to be torn off, since stand hardly somewhat had left. Sand grave a place of pilgrimage, sheets and blooms grown there were extremely likes. In the sand received the quality of a political holy one, ascended to the idealized and to the identification figure particularly in the radical-democratic and - national wing of the Burschenschaft.

Its burial place is on the main cemetery Mannheim, not far from the grave of its victim.

Effect

Sand act supplied a welcome cause for those to the German federation with Carlsbad resolutions (20 September 1819) for the suppression of the national and liberals movement, whose tip of the spear was the Burschenschaft. , The installation of the Mainzer central commission of inquiry and the first larger "Demagogenverfolgung followed their dissolution ".

Sand was less politically action than above all trips of the reactions Metternichs and others, this gleichgesinnter governments, that could state murder for their sharp procedure against the civil national movement of sand as justification. The reference to sand permitted discrediting and Kriminalisierung of the political Wollens of broad circles of the German middle class. Characteristically the dismissal of the liberal citizen of Berlin of theology professor Wilhelm Martin was liver genuine de Wette (1780-1849), because it had written sand nut/mother a comfort letter.

In the national movement and their surrounding field into the present a multiplicity of essays, poems, flight writings, plays, novels and figurative representations were dedicated "to the murderer from Vaterlandsliebe "(K.A. von Alexander Puschkin sealed for instance on sand "the Dolch ", a poem, which circulated to 1825 under the Russian Dekabristen. Alexandre Dumas dedicated a novella, Karl Hans Strobl a play, a 1873, a 1921, a 1924, a 1926, a 1993 and 1998 to him appeared more extensive sand novels.

See also: Friedrich Mallet

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