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Karl Frh. of Drais (* 29 April 1785 in Karlsruhe; " 10 December 1851 in Karlsruhe), completely: Karl Friedrich Christian Ludwig baron Drais von Sauerbronn, was a German forest man and an important inventor in the Goethe time.
Its father was an upper yard judge of Baden Karl William Ludwig Friedrich Drais baron von Sauerbronn. Its nut/mother was Margarete Ernestine of Kaltenthal. Mark count Carl Friedrich of bathing took over the sponsorship for Karl.
1803 to 1805 studied Drais architecture, agriculture and physics at the Ruprecht Karl university Heidelberg.
1810 he became forest master of Baden without Forstamt. It was however already exempted to 1811 from the service, in order to attend to its activity as inventors, and received to 1818 with the title "professor of the mechanics "earlyretired further its content as a kind inventor pension.
To its inventions belong a Klavierrekorder, which grope-moves on paper volume notes; the first key typewriter for 25 letters; a Stenomaschine with 16 keys as well as for the first time with paper tapes; and above all the two-wheeler principle in form of the run machine or hand trolley, the first vehicle with two wheels on a trace.
1813 developed Drais a car with four wheels, which had first a then over a crankshaft between the rear wheels and which it called driving machine. He undertook the first travel with its run machine, also "hand trolley "or "Veloziped "mentioned, from Mannheim to the Schwetzinger relay house in the today's Mannheimer quarter Rheinau on 12 June 1817. It undertook its second two-wheeler travel in July von Gernsbach to Baden-Baden.
In order to announce its invention, Drais organized public travels. These meetings were crowned by a remote travel. It drove the distance from Karlsruhe to Kehl, to approximately 50 km, into 12 hours (the reported 4 hours were probably a Zeitungsente!). The horse post office needed at that time at least twice as for a long time. Besides it published articles in magazines.
It kept a grossherzogliches privilege comparable on 12 January 1818 for its invention, with a today's patent (bathe had at that time no Patent Act). From then on each hand trolley must have a Drais Lizenzmarke on the steering bar. Additionally he was appointed by Grand Duke Carl the professor for mechanics and retired as a forest master - a kind inventor pension.
Drais was convinced democrat and put down 1849 on the day of the soldier rebellions publicly its title of nobility; took it however three months later.
As a released civil servant Drais was not allowed to begin a part-time work as entrepreneurs. Also after its early retirement, the family enemy and Minister of Reitzenstein had oktroyiert, wanted he again into the forest service back. The Wagner built anyway everywhere pirat copies of the run machine, so that a Manufaktur for run machines would have been offering no prospects. The world-wide prohibition of the run machines on the sidewalks, where alone one could balance it, strangled this early individual traffic for fifty years. After the execution of the Kotzebue murderer Karl Ludwig sand the sand trailers it began to mobben in a kind kinship detention for the father and upper yard judge systematically. Therefore he emigrated for a few years as geo meter to Brazil. After its return and the death of the father one wanted to shorten him its inventor pension, against what he successfully prozessierte. Whereupon it became the victim of private revenge of the been subject, opposing lawyer. One produced a tavern fight with consequences. Thereupon it lost its chamber gentleman status, i.e., he was not no more before-let with Hofe. After he had expressed himself publicly as a democrat, he escaped 1838 only scarcely an attempted assassination and pulled after forest cat brook in the Odenwald.
one heard 1842 of him that he tested a four-wheeled rail hand trolley with foot operation in Karlsruhe with permission of the state railway. The first such auxiliary vehicle for railway officials had been in Vienna a two-wheeler on only one rail - therefore the name "hand trolley ".
Again to Karlsruhe moved, Drais was pursued because of its Demokratentums after striking down the revolution of Baden by the Prussian crew and tried to incapacitate, which its brothers and sisters could prevent. Since its pension was seized completely for the payment of the revolution costs, it died without means.
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