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Johannes (frz. Jean Buckler; called Schinderhannes or Robin Hood of the ; * 1777 (possibly also 1778 or 1779) in Miehlen, Taunus; "† 21 November 1803 in Mainz) was a German robber. As a leader of a gang of robbers it also robber captain is called.
Carl Zuckmayer described the in his Schinderhanneslied with the words: "That is the Schinderhannes, the rag dog, the Galgenstrick, the fright of each man, and also the women piece"Â… ".
The name "Schinderhannes "refers to the occupation of the father, who worked as a which farmhand (Abdecker). The father Johannes originated from Merzweiler with Grumbach, its ancestors lived on boiling-bridges in Womrath on the The nut/mother Anna Maria, born Schmidt, came from Miehlen with in the Hintertaunus. Parents fled 1783 because of a Holzfrevels and a laundry theft of the nut/mother from Miehlen. 1784 could be enlisted the father for six years of the Austrian army. It served Merzweiler in defected 1787 and returned first to its place of birth.
The predatory career of the young Johannes began however only with the revolution wars at 1792, when French troops had occupied the entire linksrheinische area and so that into a anarchischen condition shifted the Hunger, unemployment and the absence of the old order-keeping power let its welfare and surviving in theft and robbery search over twenty per cent of the population.
might have begun in approximately starting from 1795 with cattle and food theft. In Kirn it was for the first time imprisoned taken, could escape however shortly thereafter. Completely the descent followed into the half world. of a gang must have followed, to under other one also black Peter shortly thereafter this very day well-known from child packs of cards already belonged. by its speed like also its read ability, was distinguished only little later leaders of this gang, which began to then commit also murders.
The gang of the Schinderhannes consisted of thus activities quite normal up to two dozen members, that were summoned together bedarfsweise by messengers, followed. The gang lived not only on thefts and robbery, but also extortions, which were implemented particularly over demands for letter. With kidnappings however the victims were murdered here and there despite ransom payments. Also it is considered today as that the Schinderhannes was limited neither to" the war against realms, Jews and Frenchmen ", still another benefactor to arms was secured. It seems nevertheless to have given straight among the poor farmers already early a support of the gang. Because in the eyes of the simple people the Jews of the Frenchmen were preferred (see: Judenemanzipation), which caused envy and displeasure. Schinderhannes used this tendency against the Jews, by robbing Jews again and again. This brought in the sympathy of the people for it and may stories and legends of its acts which can be clarified later have contributed.
Johannes opposed soon, 1799 to crew power briefly in the today's Schinderhannes tower in Simmern was arrested, from where him however the escape succeeded. With the new century gradually the French police system began to show effect. Also the Schinderhannes famous because of its woman wives was starting from 1800 on the escape. After numerous predecessor inside, by those in particular only a Elise Werner, a Budzliese Amie from Schneppenbach and a Katharina Pfeiffer are delivered, became its respected or ninth loving the July IANA Blasius specified in the vernacular also Julchen. July IANA became the first almost equal (and just as legendary) companion of the volatile robber.
Around 1801 the gang of the Schinderhannes lived on the Schmidtburg half purged in the cock brook valley above Kirn. In the nearby village Griebelschied one celebrated even publicly a so-called robber ball. Perhaps by this over courage long the gang finding in the focus of police interests became then also locatable. After had escaped again the arrest, he let recruit from the imperial army under the name Jakob Schweikard, however by a criminal colleague named Zerfass recognized itself there and was denunziert.
To 31. May 1802 it was seized when wolf living and brought to Frankfurt/Main. At this time determination varied to lead a robber life. It promised to give over all its criminal offences information to the imperial authorities, as long as it to the Frenchmen am not delivered. After several detailed he was handed over however with Julchen and to unite accomplices on 16 June 1802 to the French authorities and brought to Mainz.
After the delivery was arrested and during the preliminary investigation of nine months by William 54 single cross-examining was subjected who ago in the wood tower into Mainz, in which 565 questions were placed to him. In addition still numerous confrontations came. hope for a benevolent judgement held who ago upright and could draw so extensive confessions from it. Without loading itself however in a way that he would have had to fear a death penalty, designated he 68 members of its gang, by whom 19 was then condemned to death.
On 24 October 1803 began the process, which already tightened a large people quantity. The reading of the 72-seitigen indictment in German and French language took one and a half up day. The formation of the gang of robbers was attributed to unrests and confusion during the last wars. Since a penetration of the laws was not perfectly possible at this time, the temptation crime was large to commit. was condemned after it probably unknown a law, which planned the death penalty starting from 1794 also for jedweden predatory break-down into an inhabited house, 1803 to death. The judgement was certain however already four days before the pronouncement of judgment, since already on 16 November "28 coffins for Johann and Consorten were ordered ".
Johann father was condemned to 22 years "chain punishment ", died however after few weeks on 16 December 1803. Julchen Blasius served two years penintentiary. It bore already before the process in shank on 1 October son, Franz William. It died as an NCO of the Austrian army.
was publicly executed on 21 November 1803 by the drop hatchet. Trunks and heads of the robbers were submitted directly in the covered area under of the Guillotine scientific investigations. It should be determined on behalf "the medical private company to Mainz "among other things with electrical shocks, when the human body is actually clinically dead. Due to these investigations the true repository was not with absolute certainty clarified by body. The skeleton was probably carried forward by the examining Mainzer Anatomen professor Jacob Fidelis field man with its appointment to the University of Heidelberg and bequeathed to the anatomical collection of the university; today marked with the skeleton a plexiglass disk depresses the drop hatchet through the neck spinal column.
"Are far in the world 'rumgekommen, in the forest has one me imprisoned, one led me into the city inside, where I are to be hung. "(People way)
The legend formation began already with the Exekution themselves. Already during the Exekution groschen booklets were sold, which drew a superelevated picture of the criminal and justified also its call one "for Robin Hood of the ". The literarily most well-known representation of the criminal as "noble robber "offered then however only Carl Zuckmayers Schinderhannes (1927).
History became in the Schinderhannes under the direction of Helmut and prominent actor, as Curd and Maria Schell films, 1958 on basis of Carl Zuckmayers Schinderhannes.
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