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Internationally Business Machines (IBM) is one the oldest IT enterprise, which later took market at first with punch card sorters and with large computers, e.g. the series of 360, a controlling position. The company headquarters is in Armonk with North Castle in the US Federal State New York.
IBM goes back on from Herman the Hollerith 1896 created Tabulating Machine company. This company manufactured at that time the machines to the counting and collection of data, entered developed by Herman Hollerith, by punch cards. In addition also machines to counting out the voting cards counted with elections in the USA. The production of such machines adjusted IBM however, after the manufacturing firms for by their machines were made liable not counted voices. 1924 took place then renaming the company in IBM, since a majority of the product range consisted now of machines for the use in companies, like punches, examiners, sorting and tabulating machines. These were as a rule not sold but were not rented. IBM had a monopoly-like position in the area of the standardized punch cards and their evaluation world-wide. In Germany IBM was represented until 1949 by the productive subsidiary DEHOMAG.
Thomas's J. Watson (1874 - 1956) 1914 boss of the Computing Tabulating Recording company, one of the companies, became from which IBM followed, and led IBM until 1955. It coined/shaped a special firm culture with a strong selling orientation. Great importance was attached to absolute loyalty of the coworkers.
In the year 1943 Watson is to have said the following memorable sentence: "I think there is A world market for maybe five of computer." ("I think, it give world-wide a market for perhaps five computers. "). The author Kevin Maney tried to fathom the origin of this quotation could however neither in the speeches Watsons nor in other documents a reference to it find.
In and the early sixties fifties first computers (701 and 1401) and the associated periphery (magnetic disk and drum storage, tape stations) were developed, as well as printers.
In the year 1964 a new large computer generation, the S/360 came on the market. Which is the basis architecture was today evolutionary continued to develop until (S/370, S/390, zSeries, system z9). Parallel to it the operating system OS/360 was continued to develop over OS/VS1, MVS/370, MVS/XA, MVS/ESA and OS/390 to the current z/OS.
The blue Logo of the company led to the pointed name Big Blue or also Mother Blue.
In the year 1981 IBM brought then the first IBM-PC as a competitor to Apple the II on the market. The standards and interfaces developed at that time by IBM coin/shape still the today's computers. Therefore one speaks also of IBM-compatible, even if of IBM meaning in the PC market decreased/went back clearly by countless reproductions and advancements of other companies. This became by a false estimate of the market on the part of IBM and thereupon took place release from interface and standard specifications made possible.
From the work in the laboratories (alone four from the IBM research lab Zurich in around the world several physics Nobelpreise followed approximately. The winners were: Leo Esaki (1973, experimental proof of tunnel phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors), Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer (1986, for the invention of the raster tunnel microscope) as well as Johannes George Bednorz and Karl Alexander Mueller (1987, for the discovery of the high temperature superconductors),2005 was world-wide IBM the three tenth year in consequence the enterprise with most patent applications.
1991 wrote Don Eigler on a Ni (110) to surface with 35 xenon atoms the signature "IBM" and thus the "smallest" letters.
In February 2001 the American Author Edwin Black published the book IBM and the Holocaust. In this he accuses IBM during the third realm over its subsidiary DEHOMAG with the Hitler regime to have co-operated and by the supplies of the Hollerith computers and the punch card technology the Holocaust in such a way have made logistically possible. Before it IBM Germany GmbH had already joined the remuneration fund for LV forced laborers. Complaints of the GIRCA (Gypsis internationally Recognition and Compensation Action) against IBM were rejected by Swiss courts because of incompetence (Geneva in the years 1933 to 1945 company headquarters IBM was not there) and/or
Since end of the 1990er uses itself years IBM substantial for the development the open SOURCE projects, then Linux under participation of IBM strongly developed and to a server system became developed, which is suited for application of enterprises also. Another open SOURCE project, which was strongly supported by IBM, was for example the Eclipse project. These efforts were not however also always completely unproblematic, then the company sued SCO Group since 2003 IBM because of alleged copyright infringement in the codes, which IBM contributed to Linux.
As reaction to changed customer needs with large computers the enterprise was radically transformed in particular since the nineties-years: The portion of consultation and services was strongly increased, summarized organizational and continued to develop last by the additional purchase by PwC Consulting (approx. 30,000 coworkers world-wide) in October 2002 contentwise and personnel.
In December 2004 IBM decided to the door from the business with PCs and sold the PC section to the 1. May 2005 for 1.75 billion US Dollar to the Chinese computer manufacturer Lenovo. Before it the non removable disk section was already sold at Hitachi.
In the year 2004 IBM with world-wide 329,001 coworkers in 170 countries reached a conversion of 96.293 billion US Dollar and a net profit of 8.448 billion US Dollar. IBM is thereby the world-wide largest offerer in the range information technology (hardware, software and services).
Since March 2002 is Samuel J. Palmisano CEO of IBM. SAM Palmisano is the successor of Louis Gerstner Jr. from 1993 to 2002 the CEO was. With Louis Gerstner Jr. the post of the CEO was not occupied for the first time by its own coworker.
IBM global Business services (Umfirmierung of the consulting branch after assumption of PricewaterhouseCoopers Consulting)
With consulting experts in over 160 countries IBM is global Business services the largest management consultation of the world.
IBM of system and Technology Group
IBM STG total STORAGE memory systems and pressure systems is responsible for the development and the selling of IT infrastructure solutions with the eServer systems. System i5 with the operating system i5OS is used as integrated computer system frequently in the middle class range. System p5 with AIX is the Unix based system. xSeries with Microsoft Windows are the Intelsysteme IBM. System z9 with z/OS and/or z/VM or z/VSE are the Mainframesysteme. On all eServern further different Linux distributions is available. To IBM the memory solutions belong the disk subsystems DS300/DS400 (Low ending), to DS4000 (Midrange) DS6000 and DS8000 (High ending) as well as the volume systems 3590, TS1120 or VTS, optical systems and SAN infrastructure components.
With the announcement IBM of system agenda the products of the systems and Technology Group are renamed gradually. Outrider is here the Mainframe flagship IBM system z9. Further products equivalent renamed e.g. in IBM system STORAGE DS4000 etc.
IBM software Group
IBM software Group consists of the marks
IBM global Finance
With business activity in over 40 countries global Finance represents world-wide the largest IT Finanzdienstleister. One of the operating fields is the leasing business for software, hardware and services of the company.
IBM global services
With an annual turnover of USD 46.2 billion (2004) global in the last years as an important component of the enterprise established in that additionally far more than half of the coworkers their field of activity has itself services to find. Beside the consulting branch mainly the numerous service offers find it at home in this Berich. An example of possible achievements represents the range Strategic outsourcing, which offers the partial or complete assumption of IT-departments.
Operating fields from global Serivces are in detail:
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